4/13/17 Infectious Hepatitis SPIVAK TEST #3 Flashcards
What two types of hepatitis present as acute hepatitis?
A
E
What types of hepatitis present as chronic hepatitis?
- B
- C
- D
Is acute or chronic hepatitis asymptomatic?
-Chronic
Is acute or chronic hepatitis associated with “flu-like” symptoms, fever, myalgias, and pharyngitis?
-Acute
Is acute or chronic hepatitis associated with Jaundice, enlarged, and painful liver?
-Acute
Does acute or chronic hepatitis resolve spontaneously (on its own)?
-Acute
Does acute or chronic hepatitis persist for years or decades?
-Chronic
Does acute or chronic hepatitis have marked elevations in LFT (liver function tests)?
-Acute
What is the main type of hepatitis that causes chronic hepatitis?
-C
What type of hepatitis can cause both chronic and acute hepatitis?
-B
Does acute or chronic hepatitis have normal or sometimes elevated LFTs?
-Chronic
What type of virus is Hepatitis A?
-Non-enveloped ssRNA virus
How is hepatitis A transmitted?
-Fecal-oral route
How long does it take for hepatitis A to show symptoms?
-28 days
Is polluted water sources a risk for Hep A?
-Yes
What is the most common cause of acute hepatitis?
Hep A
When does shedding occur for an individual infected with Hep A?
- 1-3 weeks prior to acute hepatitis
- 1 week after onset of jaundice
T/F Most adults are asymptomatic when infected with Hep A
- False
- Most children are asymptomatic, but most adults do have symptoms
How many vaccine doses are needed for hepatitis A prevention?
-Two doses 6-12 months apart
What age should you be when you get vaccinated for Hep A?
-Children at 1 or between the ages of 2-18 if not vaccinated (so basically everyone)
What type of virus is Hep E?
-Non-enveloped ssRNA virus
T/F Hep E causes acute hepatitis that is clinically indistinguishable from Hep A
True
How is Hep E transmitted?
- Spread via fecal contamination of water
- In Endemic areas such as Asia, North Africa, and the middle east
What type of virus is Hep B?
-Enveloped DNA virus (partially dsDNA and ssDNA)
What is the smallest known human DNA virus?
-Hep B
How is Hep B transmitted?
- Perinatal (predominated in areas with high prevalence areas with Hep B) (In utero or as a baby)
- Parenteral (most commonly transmitted blood-borne virus in healthcare setting)
What is the most commonly transmitted blood-borne virus in healthcare setting?
-Hep B via parenteral
T/F There is a vaccine for Hep B
True
Out of HBV, HCV, and HIV which is most common to acquire and least common if you get stuck with a needle?
-HBV, HCV, then HIV (least)
What is the most common mode of transmission of Hep B in low-prevalence areas?
-Sexually
T/F The rate of progression to chronic hepatitis B is inversely correlates with age
True (this means if you are young and get it you will more likely develop chronic hepatitis)
In acute hepatitis B is a child that is infected symptomatic or asymptomatic?
-Asymtomatic
T/F Men are less likely to have acute flares of Hep B if infected
- False
- Men are more likely to have acute flares
T/F Hep B only manifests in the the liver
- False
- It can have extra-hepatic manifestations
What places other than the liver can hep B show manifestations?
- Polyarteritis
- Membranous nephritis
- Aplastic anemia
T/F HBV can be associated with cirrhosis and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
True
T/F HCC can develop in chronic HBV in the absence of cirrhosis
True
T/F HBeAg is a marker of replication and infectivity
True
If you have a vaccine against Hep B what should you find in a blood test?
- marker for antibody HBs (surface antigen)
What antivirals do you use to treat someone with Hep B?
- IFN
- Nucleoside analogs
What are the 1st line drugs in the US for treatment of Hep B?
- Tenofovir
- Entecavir
What type of virus is Hep D?
-Defective ssRNA virus
What type of Hepatitis is a passenger accompanying HBV?
-Hep D
How do you treat/manage someone with Hep D?
-IFN alpha (low success rate though)
How can you prevent yourself from getting Hep D?
-Be vaccinated against Hep B because it carries Hep D
What type of virus is Hep C?
-Enveloped RNA virus
How is Hep C transmitted?
-Blood borne transmission
If you have a positive HCV ab what does that tell you?
-You have had a past or present infection of Hep C
If you have a negative HCV Ab what does that tell you?
-You do not have infection
If you have HCV RNA what does that tell you?
-You have Hep C that isn’t cleared
How many genotypes of Hep C are found worldwide?
-6
T/F Hep C has a vaccination
False
-It does not
