secularisation globally Flashcards
relg strong in ethnic m’s
- provide theodicy of misfortune
-cultural transition and cultural defence - status frustration
-come from relg countries
-part of socialisation process - islamophobia
-status frustration
where is religiosity high
-catholic countries e.g portugal and spain
-in usa higher than uk (40 in uk)
christianity grows in africa and asia
-in india 30% becoming hindu
where does religiosity dominate
- iran, saudi arabia and iraq
-law is rooted in religious doctrine and policies
what is religious fundamentalism
-BRUCE= fundamentalism is rational response of traditionally relg people to social , political and economic changes which threaten their relg values
example of christian fundamentalism
- new christian right = political infulence
campaign against abortion , sex b4 marriage , homosexuality plus againist teaching theory of evolution in schools
example of islamic fundamentalism
-rational to defend tradition
-against western culture
- promote ideology opposing western value of democracy, equality and human rights
religious market theory ?
- participation is higher in countries where there’s more choice (religious pluralism ) and lower in countries with less choice
what does stark and bainbridge say about the market theory
-constant demand for relg as people need rewards and compensators e.g afterlife
what else do stark and b say on the key features of the market theory
- business like
-spirtual market( quality , quantity and attractiveness of the products ) - shop for faith
- make. “rational choices. “ of weighing up pros and cons of joining a relg
what may the costs of joining a relg
-fincial donations , time , commitment
benefits of joining a relg
- rewards, spiritual fulfilment , life after death , friends, reduced stress
how do relg organisers appeal to others
be attractive , by offering more rewards than costs
what does relg pluralism mean for society
- more choice underlies higher levels of participation
e.g usa has lots of hockey and options
uk= less options so we have dominant relg which is C of e who dominates and less relg participation
how can we eval market theory
- many countries in middle east have less choice but high participation
- many followed their relg due to being socialised into it not weighting up pros and cons
what is the existential security theory
-relg participation is higher in countries w low existential security and low in countries with higher lvls of ES
what do noris and inglehart argue
- argue market theory doesn’t exp the variations in relg participation in diff societies , too focused on europe
what do norris and ingleharr suggest
-it’s not due to more or less choice
-different levels of existential security “feeling that survival is secure enough that it can be taken for granted “
-high levels of ES MEANS less relg participation
-in areas were people are at risk e.f illness , poverty = relg is high as people feel out of control
for the existential security theory what happens in wealthy areas
-stable economies, good health and ed
- less need for relg
demand for relg not constant
evaluation of existential security
-similar to malownski on fishing study
-in uk attendedce to c of e is higher in mc
may not apply to all developed countries
