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educational policies Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a social policy?

A

-plan and schemes introduced by gov to address issues or problems in society.

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2
Q

what is a educational policy?

A

-improve some aspect of ED determined by ideas/beliefs

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3
Q

what was the intro of tripartite system?

A

introduced 3 types of state funded secondary schools.
(students sat exams which determined the school)
-grammer school= passed 11+ academic system - middle class
-secondary modern- failed 11+, practical curriculum,working class
-technical schools/colleges (very few in system)

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4
Q

how can we evaluate the tripartite system?

A

-not a good test - rate of sucess was low
-culturally bias - referred more to what middle class would know
-middle class got in most
-narrow range of questions e.g verbal reasoning

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5
Q

what were comprehensive schools?

A

-eductaion for all under one roof
-accepeted anyone regardless of their ability

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6
Q

evaluate comprehensive schools

A

-recreated divisions of tri partite system
-setting and streaming introduced - had to teach all abilties in one class
-BALL- said it was unequal as middle class dominated top sets

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7
Q

poor children going to school hungry?

A

-free school meals

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8
Q

girls underachieving in male dominated subjects?

A

-WISE and GIST helped with this

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9
Q

britiains pupils falling behind those in european countries?

A

-extended school leave - now stay till 18

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10
Q

what are left wing ideologies?

A

-construct better society
-optimisitc in general about society
-favour group rather than individual
-labour party
-focus on equality

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11
Q

what are right wing ideologies?

A

-desire not to change but rather accept
-empahsise authority
-change is too dysfunctional
-prefer individual
-conservative party
-raise standards and marketisation of schools to encourage competition

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12
Q

what was the labour democratic?
(social democratic)
1964-1970 and 1974 -1979

A

-led by harold wilson
-promote equality and opportunity
-introduced comprehensive ED(1965)

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13
Q

what was conservative (new right)?
1979-1997

A

-margret thatcher
-raise standard in ed
-believed in marketisation to achieve
-intro of ed reform act
e.g national curriculum and league tables

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14
Q

what was new labour?
(3rd way)
1997-2010

A

-tony blair
-raise standards and provide equal opportunity
-policies e.g excellence in cities, ed action zones

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15
Q

what was the coalition (neo liberal)
2010-2015

A

-david cameron
- raise standards abd compete in glocal market
-intro of FSM
-make a levels and GCSE’s harder
-intro FSM for children of low income background

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16
Q

what is the conservative (new right)
2015-present

A

-led how by rishi sunak before boris and theresa
-raise standards and market ED
-not made much policies due to brexit
-intro of Tlevels
-and talk from theresa may have expanding grammer school place

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17
Q

What are the 3 educational policy aims?
1.raising standards/marketisation/increasing parental choice

A

-bussiness like
-create competition
-raise standards
-encourage more facilties to attract
-give parents freedom to choose school
-e.g league tables,ofstead

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18
Q

2.creating equality of opportunity?

A

-reduce gap in achievement between classes,gender, ethnicities
-adress material deprivation by creating policies e.g FSM,bursary, scholarships
-address cultural dep e.g SURESTART
-policies try to adress ethnocentric curriculum

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19
Q

3.meeting needs of global economy/prep young people for work

A

-create skilled and qualified workforce
-prepare young people to compete in glocal economy
-other countries have better ecomony and better league tables then UK

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20
Q

1.what is comprehensive ED
2.whats marketsation?
3.whats parentocracy

A

1.ed for all regardless of ability
2.open schools encouraging competiton and raise standards
3.give parents power to choose the school they go

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21
Q

4.A-C economy?
5.educational triage?

A

4.schools focus attention on those who they think will get A-C’s in GCSE
5.pupils put into 3 categories= those who will pass anyway,with potential, and hopeless cases, know who to focus attention on (gilborn and youdell)

22
Q

6.cream-skimming?
7.silt shifting?

A
  1. selecting higher ability pupils(barlett)
    7.off load pupils with learning disablities who are expensive to teach or get poor results.(BARlett)
23
Q

three types of selection policy

A

-selection by ability
-selection by apititude
-selection by faith

24
Q

benefits of selecting by ability

A

-brighter students arent held up by slow pupils
-higher students taught together in schools, streans
-brighter students are more stretched

25
Q

weakness of selecting by ability

A

-more social divisions
-late developers dont benefit
-increase risk of labelling

26
Q

examples of covert selection

A

-make uniform really expensive (lower class cant afford)
-literature complicated(for parents with less cultural capital)
-getting info from spirtual leaders from families to decide if child can attend(faith schl)

27
Q

new labour policies that created equality of opporutnity?

A

-sure start
-ema
-excellence in cities

28
Q

eductaion reform ineqaulities in social class

A

-formula funding

29
Q

new labour tried to solve problems caused by conservative

A

-value added league tables
-city academies

30
Q

education reform act helped parents make choices ab shcools

A

-league tables
-open enrolment
-ofsted

31
Q

not all new labour policies created equality of opportunity

A

-HE fees

32
Q

coalition believed parents should be able to choose state schools similar to private schools

A

-free schools

33
Q

conservative gov believes ed is meritocratic

A

-sixth form centres run by eton

34
Q

who said matketisation benefits the middle class more than working class ‘privileged skilled choosers’ as parents use cultural & economic capital to get their child into good schools

A

gerwitz

35
Q

who uses the term “parentocracy”

A

ball

36
Q

who said that HE Fees encouraged inequality?

A

whitty

37
Q

who said schools create a A-C economy where they concentrate time, effort and resources on pupils who have more potential to get 5 grade C’s or above at gcse?

A

david

38
Q

pressure on schools to achieve good results has led to “cream-skimming” (selecting higher ability students) or “silt shifting” ( off loading pupils with learning difficulties)?

A

bartlett

39
Q

who said intro of comprehensive ED did not lead to equality of opportunity as schools introduced setting and streaming so working class put in lower streams ?

A

mirza

40
Q

who said that ED policies which aim to tackle ethnic inequalities haven’t been successful bc it’s a soft approach which focuses more on culture, behaviour and the home rather than root causes of racism?

A

gilborn and youdell

41
Q

which well known exam boards and publishers are owned by pearson?

A

-BTEC
-EDEXCEL
-schoolnet

42
Q

why did ‘parent voices NY’ protest outside their offices in new york?

A

-protesting bc of the excessive power and influence pearson has over Nys education department

43
Q

how is edexcel different to other exam boards?

A

-edexcel also marks SATS exams since 2009
-for profit unlike other schools

44
Q

how have pearson also been involved in education policy in UK?

A

-running inquiry ab success, failure of the coalition ED policy - academies schemes
-carrying out investigation into wether the english exam system is promoting ‘test driven learning’ and ‘high standards’- 5year review of ED ambition

45
Q

what reasons does Ball give for why pearson might want to expand into all areas?

A
  • create opportunities for business expansion (through policy work)
46
Q
  1. selective education
  2. covert selection policies
    3.polarisation
A

1.schools select based on ability, aplitude in certain areas- faith boost league
tables
2.put off w/c parents and pupils e.g expensive uniform or complicated info ab school
3.when selected schools attracted more pupils and funding so got better when poor schools got worse

47
Q
  1. vocational ED
  2. value added
  3. neo liberalism
A

4.qualifications preparing young people for specific jobs and sectors on employment e.g hairdressers
5. league tables which reflect progress pupils make rather than raw exam grades
6. economic approach suggesting resources are more efficiently managed by private business-favour privatisation in public sector

48
Q

7.globalisation
8. privatisation
9.endogenous privatisation

A

7.interconnectednsss through travel, tech and communication - lead to uk policy being influenced by ED systems in other countries
8. services owned and provided by the state and transferred to private companies e.g prisons and railways
9.privatisation in ED system e.g schools operating like business

49
Q
  1. exogenous privatisation
    11.social inclusion
  2. multiculturalism
A
  1. privatisation from outside the ED system (schools pulling private companies to deliver their services e.g running canteen
    11.involves analysing ethnic minority achievements - improving legislation to support ethnic minorities
    12.value all cultures and attempts to raise self esteem of ethnic minority pupils
50
Q
  1. GIST
    14.WISE
A

13.girls into science and technology
14. woman into science and engineering

Sociology (132 decks)

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