measuring crimes Flashcards
which crimes have increased in past 5 yrs?
-knife crimes
-fraud
-robbery
-DV
-sexual assault
which crimes have been decreasing in past 5 yrs?
-homicide
-burgalry
-shoplifitng
due to covid what crimes increased and decreased?
increase=
-DV
-child abuse
-fraud
decrease=
-theft
-knife crime
-firearms
is violent crime increasing?- ellis
1. what are some of the reaosns crime stats on violent crime might not be accurate?
-hard to know if its genuine increase or if police are jus recording it more
-vicitms of violent crime reluctant to come forward
2.why might homicide be useful indication of violent crime?
-if theres high rates of homicide mroe likelt to be increase in lethal crimes
what has happened to rates of violent crimes in the the uK recently ?
-2018= higher rates of death from knife crime
-march 2019= rates of homicide declined towards the end of the month
what are the geogrraphic variations of violent crime?
-homcidies more common in deprived areas
-weapon enabled crime more in brum and ldn
what has happened to rates of violent crime in the home?
-towards women increased in recent years
-number of women killed by violence increased in past 2 years
what are some of the macro causes of the increase in violence?
-drug related homicides
-confrontations over drug markets
how might recession have had an imapct on levels of violence?
-reduced incomes didnt allow for women to espcape violent homes
-cuts in amount of funding available for servies which offered a way out
- what are the idff purposes that offcial stats on crime may be used for?
-identify trends in crime
-see how efficient policies are
-show where police resources should be allocated
-identify patterns to policing and stereotypes
2.4 key sources that crime stats are complied from?
-police recorded crime
-victim surveys
-self report studies
-court and prison records
- key problems w official crime stats?
-not all crimes reported to police
-not all crimes recorded by police
-gov infulence stats by intro/ change laws
-gov funds affect types of crimes detected
4.how official crime stats are affected by policing polcicies?
1.police ‘screen out’ some crimes; can be dropped and not investigated
2.police cant investigate all crimes
3.some crimes given more attention than others so brings the illusion that some crimes hv increased
4.ways crimes are reported changes overtime so hard to make comparisons
what are the changes that may occur in reporting and recording of crime?
-easier communications
-changes in law
-higher police rates
-the media
-changing norms
-changing police attitudes and polciies
what are victim surveys and how might they overcome some of the limitations of official stats?
-victim surveys = sent out to random sample of the pop and ask public if they have been vicitm of a crime
- overcome limitiations as they include crimes not reported to police
issues with victim surveys?
-exaggerate or lie
-ppl may forget certain incidents
-not admit they are victim
-unaware they were an actual victim
Facts on the CSEW?
-excludes some crime e.g homicide, crimes againsit business and those in living in institutions e.g care homes
-only crimes in last 12 months
what are self report studies? and how might they overcome issues w OCS and victim surverys?
-self report studies are sent out to random sample asking ab crimes theyve commited
-they include crimes not reported to police
-include crimes not covered in CSew
-Include victimless crimes
what are the issues w self report studies?
-ppl can lie
-unaware certain crimes theyve been in
-unrepresentative - not sent to prisons and homeless
how media infulences crime stats?
-affect peoples percerptions ab how much and what type of crimes are taking place
-exaggertaed perceprtion of crime
-infulencing polcicing patterns and polcies e.g increase stop and search
1.magistrates court
2.solicitor
3.probation officer
4.youth offending team
1.normally handles minor offences for exmaple minor damage and common assault
2.help u if accused of a crime, reprsent u in legal rights
3.person who investigates, report and supervise the conduct of convited offenders
4.work w young people that get in trouble with the law - help them stay away from crime
5.custody
6. judge
7.crown court
5.sentence given by court that involves a term of imprisonment
6.hear evidence in criminal and civil courts and make rulings
7.deals w most serious crime cases
8.barrister
9.summary offences
10. the old bailey
8.reprsent their clients in court and often called upon to provide specilait advice
9.minor offences - not causing signficant injuries
10. most serious crime cases take place here
what is meant by the term county lines?
-drugs transported from one area to another across local authorties usually coerced into gangs using mobile phone wire used to take drug orders
whos likely to be involved in county line operations?
-boys from low income
-working class
-promised money
-buy them presents
1.crime
2.deviance
3.micro crimnal
1.act that breaks the law
2.acts goes aganisit norms of society
3.commiting a low status crime
4.police recorded crime
5.crime survery for england and wales
4.ONS official crime stats are partly based on this- crime which have been reported to or detected and recorded by police
5.ONS partly based on this - data from the annual victim survey
6.self report studies
7.screening out
6.questionnaire surveys which ask ab crimes you have commited in the past year
7.certain crimes that reported to police are allowed to be ‘dropped’ and not investigated
