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Clinical Medicine > Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leading cause of death in men and women

A

Lung cancer
*13% of new cancer diagnosis
*24% of all cancer deaths

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2
Q

Lung cancer has more deaths than (), (), and () combined

A

Colorectal, breast, and prostate combined

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3
Q

What demographic of people have a higher rate of mortality

A

African Americans

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4
Q

When would be unusual to be diagnosed with lung cancer

A

Under 40 years old

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5
Q

What is the most common preventable cause of lung cancer death

A

Tobacco
*carcinogens in tobacco smoke will effect oncogenes

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6
Q

What are the risk factors for lung cancer

A
  1. Tobacco cigarette smoking
    *80 to 90% of all lung cancer
    *over 40 carcinogens in cigarette smoke
  2. Environmental tobacco smoke
    *passive smoking
    *secondhand smoke
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7
Q

What risk strongly correlates with lung cancer

A
  1. Number of cigarettes smoked per day
  2. Lifetime duration of smoking
  3. Age at onset of smoking
  4. Degree of inhalation
  5. Tar and nicotine content of cigarettes
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8
Q

What does smoking lead to

A
  1. Chronic inflammation and destruction of lung tissue and higher incidence of COPD
    *COPD patients 4x increased risk to develop lung cancer
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9
Q

What are other risk factors of lung cancer besides smoking

A
  1. High consumption of dietary fat
  2. Exposure
    *radon
    *asbestos
    *arsenic
  3. Disease states
    *COPD
    *sarcoidosis
  4. Genetics
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10
Q

What decreases the risk of lung cancer

A
  1. Increased fruits green and yellow vegetables
  2. High blood concentration of selenium
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11
Q

What are some selenium foods

A
  1. Brazil nuts
  2. Yellowfin tuna
  3. Halibut
  4. Sardines
  5. Turnkey
  6. Beef liver
  7. Chicken
  8. Egg/
  9. Spinach
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12
Q

What is the screening protocol for lung cancer

A

Adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years
*B

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13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of lung cancer

A

Nonspecific constitutional signs and symptoms
1. Weight loss (Anorexia)
2. Fatigue
3. Anemia
4. Fever
5. Asthenia
6. New or change in cough, hemoptysis
*asymptomatic (15%)
*most patients have >3 symptoms

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14
Q

What is intrathoracic lung cancer

A

Regional tumor spreading to lymph nodes and adjacent structures

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15
Q

What is extrathoracic lung cancer

A

Distant spread of disease

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16
Q

What may be the first or most prominent manifestation of lung cancer

A

Paraneoplastic syndromes

17
Q

What are paraneoplastic syndromes

A

Disorder triggered by an altered immune system response to a neoplasm
1. Tumor secretes substances with biologic activity in another organ or system
2. Collection of symptoms result from substances produced by the tumor

18
Q

What will be on the PE for lung cancer

A
  1. Diminished breath sounds
  2. Unilateral wheezing
  3. Stridor
  4. Neck vein distention
  5. SVC syndrome
  6. Horner’s syndrome
19
Q

What is Horner syndrome

A
  1. Miosis
  2. Ptosis
  3. Anhidrosis (decreased sweating on the affected side of the face)
20
Q

What is superior vena cava syndrome

A

A collection of clinical signs and symptoms resulting from either partial or complete obstruction of blood flow through the SVC
*tumor compressing the veins

21
Q

What is needed to secure the diagnosis of lung cancer

A

Cytologies or histologic biopsy

22
Q

What will be shown on the CXR

A
  1. Atelectasis
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Effusion
  4. Nodule
23
Q

What will be shown on the CT scan

A

Indicated for any suspicious nodule
1. Characteristics of the lesion
2. Lymphadenopathy
3. Multiple lesions
4. Location to biopsy
*not definitive staging

24
Q

What are different ways to biopsy the lung tumor

A
  1. Thoracentesis
  2. Flexible bronchoscopy
  3. Fine needle biopsy
  4. FNA TTNA
  5. Thorascopy
  6. Open biopsy

Clinical Medicine (164 decks)

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