LBP Malingering

Question 1

What test can be done if the patient is malingering?

Answer 1

1. Waddells signs
   *presence of 3 or more of the following “nonorganic signs”
   *tenderness (widespread)
   *superficial (light touch is painful)
   *non-anatomic (deep tenderness over wide spread area)
   *Stimulation (pain with sham maneuvers)
   *distraction (less pain when attention is diverted )

Question 2

Waddell signs continued

Answer 2

1. Weakness of many muscle groups that can’t be explained
2. Overreaction