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Influenza Flashcards

1
Q

How contagious is the flu

A
  1. Highly contagious
    *orthomyxovirus
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2
Q

How is seasonal influenza transmitted

A

Respiratory droplets (small or large)
1. Direct inhalation
2. Self-contamination
3. Direct/indirect contact
4. Small particle transmission

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3
Q

What are the type influenza types

A

A B C
*AB are usually what infects humans
*A can infect other mammals besides humans
*C is milder

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4
Q

When is seasonal influenza most present

A

Annual epidemics (fall / winter)
1. Minor antigenic variations
*virus can survive and change in order to survive

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5
Q

What is the incubation period is of seasonal influenza

A
  1. 1 to 4 days
    *how long it takes to see symptoms
    *viral shedding is happening during that time
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6
Q

When are people infectious with the flu

A
  1. On day one and then up to 5 to 7 days after symptoms starts
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7
Q

What are the high risk populations for seasonal influenza

A
  1. Young/old
  2. Hospitalized
  3. Asthma
  4. Pregnant
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8
Q

How can seasonal influenza cause secondary bacterial infections

A
  1. Acute influenza causes necrosis of the respiratory tract epithelium THEN there
  2. Is increased adherence of bacteria to infected cells and ciliary dysfunction which leads to
  3. Secondary bacterial infections on top of seasonal influenza infection
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9
Q

What is the most common secondary bacterial infections and most serious

A

MC : pneumococcal pneumonia
Most serious: staphylococcal pneumonia

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10
Q

What are the Ssx of seasonal influenza

A

Vary
1. Abrupt onset (especially in unvaccinated patient) of systemic symptoms
2. Fever (100.76)
2. Cough (nonproductive)
4. Confusion, altered mental status, encephalitis
5. GI issue (N/V esp kids)

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11
Q

What are the SSx that have a high possibility of a diagnosis of influenza

A
  1. Over 4 years olds
  2. Fever of 100.76 or higher
  3. Cough during influenza season
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12
Q

What will be on the PE

A
  1. Fever (100.76 or higher)
  2. Pharyngeal injection
  3. Flushed face
  4. Conjunctival redness
  5. Cervical lymphadenopathy
  6. Tracheal tenderness
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13
Q

What are the DDx of seasonal influenza

A
  1. Parainfluenza
  2. RSV
  3. Atypical dengue
  4. Adenovirus
  5. Enterovirus
  6. Coronavirus
  7. SARS Cov 2
  8. Acute HIV Vs acute onset of AIDS
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14
Q

What are the diagnostic studies for seasonal influenza

A
  1. Rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDTs)
  2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique
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15
Q

What is the Rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDTs)

A
  1. Detects A and B (may not be able to differentiate them)
  2. Available in under 15 minutes
  3. Nasal or throat swabs
  4. Predictive value is dependent on prevalence
    *Early in flu season may not be accurate
    *late in flue season more accurate
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16
Q

What is the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique

A
  1. Works better and more sensitive than tradition RIDTs, but sensitivity is compromised in the early season
  2. Takes longer to receive results
17
Q

What is the treatment of seasonal influenza

A
  1. Rest
  2. Analgesics
  3. Cough meds
  4. Antivirals begin ASAP within 12 to 24 hours of symptoms
    *can be a prophylactic
    *>48 hours effectiveness wears down
18
Q

What are the different types of neuraminidase inhibitors that can be used for flu treatment

A
  1. Tamiflu (oseltamivir)
  2. Relenza (zanamivir)
  3. Rapivab (peramivir)
19
Q

What is Tamiflu (oseltamivir)

A

Oral 75 mg BID for 5 days
*any age, pregnant women, hospitalized
*CI in GI bleed or decreased GI motility

20
Q

What is Relenza (zanamivir)

A

Inhaled 10mg 2 inhalations BID for 5 days
*7 and older
*CI for those with pulmonary pathologies or on mechanical ventilation (bronchospams)

21
Q

What is Rapivab (peramivir)

A

IV 600mg single dose

22
Q

What are selective inhibitor of influenza (flu treatment)

A

Xofluza (baloxavir) single dose pill
*12 and older
*no breast feeding or pregnant

23
Q

What use to be used for influenza treatment

A
  1. Adamatanes
    *amantadine
    *rimantadine
    *use prior lots of SE
24
Q

How to prevent the flu

A
  1. Annual influenza vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent flu and the complications
  2. Hand hygiene, social distancing, facemasks
25
Q

What is the prognosis of the flu

A
  1. In uncomplicated healthy patients resolves in 1 to 7 days
    *cough and malaise for up to 2 weeks
    *viral shedding is high in kids and immunocompromised
26
Q

What are some of the complications of the flu

A
  1. Hospitalization / ICU admission may be needed
  2. Cardiovascular risk, MI, CVA, sudden death
  3. Exacerbation of chronic pulmonary or other pre-existing conditions
27
Q

If a patient has an egg allergy (hives only) can they still receive the vaccine

28
Q

If a patient has an egg allergy with more serve reaction than hives such as angioedma can they still receive the vaccine

A
  1. Yes but under the supervision of health care provider

Clinical Medicine (164 decks)

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