Fractures Flashcards
What are the different types of long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones?
L: femur, humerus, tibia, fibula
S: somewhat cubed shaped as in the phalanges
F: broad surface for muscular attachment or protection of organs (skull, ribs, shoulder blades)
I: wrist, foot, vertebrae
What are some functions of bones?
- Protect and support the body and organs
- Provides skeletal framework of the body
- Storehouse for internal CA++ 99% makeup of bones and PO4 85-90%
- Production of blood cells which takes place in the bone marrow
What are the different types of joints?
Ball and socket: Shoulder and hip which permits movement in any direction
Hinge: elbow movement along one plane and allows flexion and extension
Condylar: functions like a hinge joint but can rotate slightly
What are some examples of the different types of joints?
- Condyloid: femur to tibia
- Hinge: humerus and ulna
- Ball and socket: femur
What is a fracture? Does fracture mean the same as a break?
- An interruption in normal bone continuity, which is accompanied by soft tissue injury
- Yes a break and a fracture mean the same thing
What is a closed fracture?
- The skin over the bone is intact
What is an open or compound fracture?
- The skin is not intact overlying the fracture and the bone may be protruding
What are some of the locations of a fracture?
Epiphyseal: end of long bones (joints) (worst at healing)
Metaphyseal: flared portion of ends of long bones (best at healing)
Diaphyseal: shaft of long bones
What is an oblique fracture
- The line of the fracture is angled
*The length of the fracture line is 2 X the width of the bone
What is a transverse fracture?
- Across the bone, perpendicular to the shaft
What is a longitudinal fracture?
- Fracture is the length of the bone
What is a spiral fracture?
- Twisting or rotation of bone
*cause of concern for abuse
What is a comminuted fracture?
- The bones is broken in more than 2 places
What is an impacted fracture?
- Fragments driven into each other
*the bones will be shortened
What is a displaced fracture?
- Fragments not in anatomic alignment
What is a non-displaced fracture?
- Ends of the bone are touching