HALLMARK DISEASES Flashcards
Cushing reflex (bradycardia, bradypnea, systolic HTN) and Biot or Cheyne-Stokes respirations
ICP
“worst headache of my life”
hemorrhagic stroke
stroke symptoms that resolve within an hour
TIAs
4-5minute long seizure or consecutive seizures without return to consciousness
status epilepticus
Lhermitte sign
multiple sclerosis
weakness/tingling starting in legs moving up
Guilain-Barre syndrome
bradykinesia
Parkinson disease
high pitched cat’s cry in infants
bacterial meningitis
burning sensation in chest and indigestion
esophageal reflux
drooling
epiglottitis
hoarseness or loss of voice
laryngitis
pain in upper right quadrant after eating a fatty meal and Murphy sign
cholecystitis
upper chest pain and Hamman sign
Boerhaave syndrome
vomiting blood
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
rebound tenderness throughout the abdomen and Dunphy sign
peritonitis
stomach pain that diminishes after eating
peptic ulcer disease or gastritis
heartburn and lying flat makes condition worse
GERD
history of multiple episodes of choking
esophageal stricture or stenosis
pain in upper right quadrant
hepatitis
pain in McBurney point
appendicitis
Charcot triad
cholangitis
left upper quadrant pain, Cullen and Grey Turner signs
pancreatitis
portal hypertension, deficiencies in coagulation, diminished detoxification
liver cirrhosis
acholic stools, jaundice, icteric conjunctiva
liver failure
caput medusa
liver failure
flank pain migrating towards groin
kidney stones
uremic frost on face
chronic kidney disease
abdominal pain, delayed menses, abnormal spotting
ectopic pregnancy
mottled skin
pancreatitis
buffalo hump and moon face
Cushing syndrome
exophthalmos
(bulging eyes) Graves disease
polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia
untreated/not managed diabetes
skin presentation in shock or hypoglycemia
cold, clammy skin
skin presentation in sedative drugs OD or alcohol intoxication
cold, dry skin
skin presentation in hyperglycemia or heatstroke
hot, dry skin
Kussmaul respirations and fruity breath sounds
DKA
no fruity breath with BGL over 600 and neurological changes
HHNS
dull flank/epigastric pain that worsens in supine position
pancreatitis
increased pigmentation in extensor surfaces, palmar creases, salt craving
Addison disease
shock after abrupt stop of corticosteroids
secondary adrenal insufficiency or addisonian crisis
gigantism or dwarfism
over and under secretion of growth hormone from anterior pituitary gland
goiter
Graves disase
“orange peel” appearance and non-pitting edema on skin on anterior part of leg below knee
Graves disease
deterioration of patient’s mental status with hypothyroidism
myxedema coma
fever, severe tachycardia, nausea/vomiting, AMS in patient with hyperthyroidism
thyroid storm
absence of key factor necessary for platelet adhesion
von Willebrand disease
purpura on chest and abdomen with signs of shock
DIC- disseminated intravascular coagulation
spontaneous fractures and pain in bones and back
multiple myeloma
“shark fin” capno waveform
bronchoconstriction
Raynaud phenomenon
systemic scleroderma
stiff neck and fever
meningitis
Kernig and Brudzinski sign
meningitis
“whoop-like” cough
pertussis
rash that begins in face and spreads to rest of body
rubella
persistent cough more than 3 weeks with one or more of night sweats, headache, fever, fatigue, chest pain
tuberculosis
rash beginning on abdomen that spreads to other parts of body
varicella
blotchy red rash starts on head and Koplik spots
rubeola/measles
genital chancres and skin rash
syphilis
rash between fingers and small, raised red bumps
scabies
smokers with sudden distaste for cigarettes
hepatitis
HIV with development of opportunistic infections
AIDS
scaly rash with itching
dermatophyte infection
sudden fever onset, diarrhea, vomiting, weakness, internal and external bleeding
ebola
incapacitating joint pain
Chikungunya fever
bull’s eye rash warm to touch
Lyme disease
paresthesia and hydrophobia
rabies
fever, cough, GI upset, SOB after being around camels
MERS
painful muscle contractions or rigidity in neck, face and trunk muscles
tetanus
frequent watery foul-smelling diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal discomfort
C diff
profound thought disorder accompanied with disturbances in mood and perception
psychosis
alternating between mania and depression
bipolar mood disorder
“on top of the world, never felt better”
manic
lives are dominated by being overly concerned with physical health and appearance
somatoform disorder
patient wishes to be sick
factitious disorder - Munchausen syndrome
muscle spasms of neck, face, and back after starting new antipsychotic medication
dystonic reaction
