A&P CHAPTER 20: LYPHATIC SYSTEM Flashcards
WHERE DOES THORACIC DUCT RECEIVE LYMPH FROM
LOWER LIMBS, ABDOMEN, LEFT UPPER LIMB, LEFT SIDE OF HEAD/NECK/THORAX
WHERE DOES RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT RECEIVE LYMPH FROM
RIGHT SIDE OF HEAD/NECK, RIGHT UPPER LIMB, RIGHT THORAX
WHICH DUCT IS BIGGER
THORACIC
PRIMARY CELLS OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
LYMPHOCYTES (T AND B-CELLS)
ALSO MACROPHAGES
WHERE ARE LYMPHOCYTES PRODUCED
RED BONE MARROW AND LYMPH NODES
PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
THYMUS AND BONE MARROW
2 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF LYMPH NODES
FILTER HARMFUL PARTICLES FROM LYMPH BEFORE RETURNING TO BLOODSTREAM
MONITOR BODY FLUIDS
WHAT LYMPHOCYTES VS MACROPHAGES ATTACK
LYMPHOCYTES: VIRUSES, BACTERIA, PARASITIC CELLS
MACROPHAGES: CELL DEBRIS, DAMAGED CELLS, FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
WHAT DOES THE THYMUS DO
SAFE SPACE FOR T-LYMPHOCYTES TO MATURE
WHICH ORGAN HAS BODY’S GREATEST QUANTITY OF LYMPHATIC TISSUE
SPLEEN
WHITE PULP VS RED PULP IN SPLEEN
WHITE PULP: CONTAINS LYMPHOCYTES
RED PULP: CONTAINS RBC’S AND MACROPHAGES
WHAT DO THE TONSILS DO
HAVE CRYPTS THAT COLLECT BACTERIA AND ARE DESTROYED
CREATES MANY IMMUNE CELLS FROM THOSE TRAPPED PATHOGENS
PEYER’S PATCHES
IN SMALL INSTESTINE
DESTROYS BACTERIA AND GENERATES “MEMORY” MYPHOCYTES
INNATE VS ADAPTIVE DEFENSE
INNATE: NONSPECIFIC- PRESENT AT BIRTH, DEFENDS USING BARRIERS, INFLAMMATION, PHAGOCYTOSIS, FEVER (NK CELLS)
ADAPTIVE: SPECIFIC- SPECIALIZED LYMPHOCYTES RECOGNIZE FOREIGN MOLECULES AND ACT AGAINST THEM (B AND T CELLS)
HOW FEVER WORKS
WHEN MACROPHAGES/LEUKOCYTES ARE EXPOSED TO FOREIGN SUBSTANCES THEY RELEASE PYROGENS WHICH CAUSE HYPOTHALAMUS TO RAISE BODY TEMP
THIS REDUCES IRON IN BLOOD WHICH INHIBITS BACTERIAL/FUNGAL REPRODUCTION
4 CARDINAL SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION (FIFTH)
REDNESS, SWELLING, HEAT, PAIN (IMPAIRED FUNCTION)
WHEN IS AN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TRIGGERED
WHEN MAST CELLS RELEASE HISTAMINE, SEROTONIN AND HEPARIN
INJURED TISSUES ATTRACT WHAT TO DO WHAT
NEUTROPHILS AND MONOCYTES WHICH ENFULF/DIGEST PARTICLES LIKE PATHOGENS AND CELL DEBRIS
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
PATROL BLOOD AND LYMPH AS PART OF IMMUNOLOGIC SURVEILLANCE
CAN KILL CANCER/VIRAL CELLS BEFORE ACTIVATION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
WHAT IS SPECIES RESISTANCE
INNATE DEFENSE WHERE HUMAN IS RESISTANT TO DISEASES THAT AFFECT OTHER ANIMAL SPECIES
ANTIGENS
FOUND ON CELL SURFACES - CAN MOBILIZE ADAPTIVE DEFENSES AND CAUSE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE
SELF-ANTIGENS
NOT FOREING TO BODY BUT EXTREMELY ANTIGENIC TO OTHER PEOPLE (WHAT CAUSES TRANSFUSION/GRAFT REJECTIONS)
3 CELLS IN ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
B LYMPHOCYTES
T LYMPHOCYTES
ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS
T CELLS VS B CELLS
T CELLS: DIFFERENTIATE IN THYMUS
MAKE UP MORE OF LYMPHOCYTES
PROVIDE CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE
INTERACT DIRECTLY WITH ANTIGENS TO DESTROY
B CELLS: DIFFERENTIATE IN RED BONE MARROW
MAKE UP LESS OF LYPHOCYTES
PROVIDE HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
INTERACT INDIRECTLY TO PRODUCE ANTIBODIES TO DESTROY
WHAT DO T CELLS RELEASE TO STIMULATE B CELLS
CYTOKINESS
NATURAL VS ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE HUMORAL IMMUNITY
NATURAL: FROM INFECTIONS
ARTIFICIAL: VACCINES
ACTIVE VS PASSIVE HUMORAL IMMUNITY
ACTIVE: ANTIBODIES PRODUCED BY B CELLS AFTER ENCOUNTERING ANTIGENS
PASSIVE: INTRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES INTO BODY (MOM TO BABY)
B CELLS PRODUCE WHAT
ANTIBODIES
IGM IMMUNOGLOBULIN
FIRST SECRETED BY PLASMA CELLS DURING PRIMARY RESPONSE
IGA IMMUNOGLOBULIN
STOPS PATHOGENS FROM ATTACHING TO EPITHELIAL CELL SURFACES
IGD IMMUNOGLOBULIN
B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR
IGG IMMUNOGLOBULIN
PRIMARY ANTIBODY
IGE IMMUNOGLOBULIN
BINDS TO MAST CELLS AND ANTIGENS TO TRIGGER RELEASE OF HISTAMINE AND OTHER CHEMICALS FOR INFLAMMATION
HELPER T CELLS
ACTIVATED BY ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELL AND HELP ACTIVATE T AND B CELLS
CYTOTOXIC VS REGULATORY T CELLS
CYTOTOXIC: DIRECTLY ATTACK OTHER TYPES OF CELLS
REGULATORY: REDUCE IMMUNE RESPONSE THRU DIRECT CONTACT AND RELEASE OF INHIBITORY CYTOKINES
WHAT CAUSES AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
IMMUNE SYSTEM CANNOT DISTINGUISH “SELF” FROM “FOREIGN” ANTIBODIES
BODY PRODUCES AUTOANTIBODIES AND T CELLS THAT DESTROY “SELF” TISSUES
