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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > CHP 27: INFECTIOUS DISEASES > Flashcards

CHP 27: INFECTIOUS DISEASES Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the Ryan White CARE Act

A

law requiring medical facilities to notify EMS personnel of airborne diseases diagnosed in transported pts ASAP or within 48 hrs

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2
Q

endemic, epidemic, and pandemic

A

endemic: disease remaining steady in geographic area
epidemic: rising caseload
pandemic: large number of people worldwide

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3
Q

what is virulence

A

organism’s ability to invade and create disease in a host

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4
Q

what is host resistance

A

your ability to fight off infection

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5
Q

bacteria vs viruses

A

bacteria: grow/reproduce outside human
viruses: smaller than bacteria, only multiply inside host

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6
Q

what is the incubation period

A

period between exposure to organism and first illness symptoms

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7
Q

what is communicable period

A

period when person can transmit illness to someone else

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8
Q

what does the respiratory tract secrete to destroy bacteria

A

lysozymes

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9
Q

what lines the GI tract to protect against bacteria and what do they secrete

A

goblet cells
highly acidic and alkaline secretions

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10
Q

what is sepsis

A

body’s overreaction to an infection or virus which can progress to shock

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11
Q

S/S of sepsis

A

shivering, fever, extreme pain, clammy/discolored skin, confusion, SOB, tachycardia

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12
Q

what is the sepsis assessment qSOFA

A

1 - resp rate greater than 22
2 - altered mentation GCS <15
3 - systolic BP <100

each is one point, 2 or more is associated with poor outcomes

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13
Q

how much fluid to deliver for sepsis-induced hypoperfusion

A

30mL/kg IV in first 3 hrs

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14
Q

what is meningitis and its two types

A

inflammation of meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord) - bacterial and viral

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15
Q

which form of meningitis is communicable and how is it transmitted

A

bacterial - droplets

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16
Q

most severe type of meningitis

A

meningococcal meningitis

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17
Q

incubation period for meningococcal meningitis

A

2-10 days

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18
Q

S/S of meningitis

A

sudden onset fever, severe headache, stiff neck, photosensitivity, pink rash, AMS, vomiting, Kernig sign, Brudzinski sign

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19
Q

what is Kernig sign

A

pt can’t extend leg at knee when thigh is flexed

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20
Q

what is Brudzinski sign

A

involuntary flexion of knees when head is flexed toward chest

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21
Q

transmission and S/S of influenza

A

droplet-transmitted

systemic fever, shaking chills, headache, muscle pain, malaise, loss of appetite, dry protracted coughing, hoarseness, nasal discharge

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22
Q

transmission and S/S of pertussis

A

droplet-transmitted

fever, thick nasal discharge, cough that progresses to coughing spasms, “whooping, vomiting, children develop black eyes from coughing

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23
Q

two stages of pertussis and symptoms

A

catarrhal stage: runny nose, sneezing, and low-grade fever

paroxysms stage: coughing attacks

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24
Q

transmission and S/S of mumps

A

droplet-transmitted

fever, headache, muscle aches, loss of appetite, swelling of salivary glands

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25
Q

complications from mumps

A

deafness, meningitis, encephalitis, pancreatitis, death

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26
Q

another name for mumps

A

infectious parotitis

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27
Q

transmission and S/S of rubella

A

droplet-transmitted

rash that begins in face and then spreads to rest of body, headache, mild pink eye, swollen/enlarged lymph nodes, cough, runny nose

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28
Q

transmission and S/S of Covid-19

A

droplets and direct contact

fever, cough, SOB, headache, loss of smell/taste, muscle aches, sore throat, chills

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29
Q

3 types of tuberculosis and which one is communicable

A

typical, atypical, extrapulmonary

typical

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30
Q

TB infection vs TB disease

A

TB infection: (latent) TB exposure but not active disease, not contagious

TB disease: active disease

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31
Q

transmission and S/S of tuberculosis

A

airborne

persistent cough of more than 3 weeks plus one or more of the following: night sweats, headache, fever, fatigue, extreme weight loss, hemoptysis, hoarseness, or chest pain

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32
Q

what is varicella zoster

A

chickenpox

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33
Q

reactivation of latent VZV causes what

A

shingles

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34
Q

where does latent VZV stay in the body

A

sensory nerve ganglia

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35
Q

transmission and S/S of chickenpox

A

direct contact or inhalation of aerosols from lesions

rash beginning on abdomen that spreads to other parts of body, fever and photosensitivity

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36
Q

how to help treat itching from chickenpox

A

antipruritic agents

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37
Q

what is a vector

A

organism that harbors pathogens that are harmless to the organism but cause disease when transmitted to human host

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38
Q

what is pertussis also known as

A

whooping cough

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39
Q

what is rubella also known as

A

GERMAN measles

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40
Q

tuberculosis MDR and XDR

A

MDR: resistant to two or more first-line meds

XDR: resistant to two first line oral meds and at least one injectable second line medication

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41
Q

what is rubeola also known as

A

measles

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42
Q

transmission and S/S of rubeola

A

coughing/sneezing

fever, conjunctivitis, coryza, coughing, blotchy red rash starting on head, white-gray spots on mouth mucosa

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43
Q

what are Koplik spots

A

white-gray spots on mouth mucosa associated with rubeola/measles

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44
Q

common complications from rubeola

A

otitis media, bronchopneumonia, laryngotracheobrochitis, diarrhea

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45
Q

what is mononucleosis caused by

A

Epstein-Barr virus

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46
Q

what is the Epstein-Barr virus also suspected of causing besides mono

A

chronic fatigue system

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47
Q

transmission and S/S of mononucleosis

A

saliva

sore throat, fever, secretions from pharynx, swollen lymph glands, malaise, anorexia, headache, rash, muscle pain, enlarged liver or spleen

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48
Q

complications from mononucleosis

A

anemia, dehydration, splenic rupture, seizures, pneumonia

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49
Q

transmission and S/S of gonorrhea

A

sexually transmitted

pus-containing discharge, pain on urination, can progress to PID in women

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50
Q

3 ways syphilis can be transmitted

A

across placenta from mom to fetus, sexually transmitted, or blood transfusion

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51
Q

what is a chancre

A

ulcerative lesion from syphilis

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52
Q

symptoms of syphilis

A

chancres, skin rash, patchy hair loss, swollen lymph glands

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53
Q

complications of syphilis in tertiary stage

A

cardiac, ophthalmic, auditory, and CNS complications and lesions of tissues and bone

54
Q

transmission and S/S of genital herpes

A

type 1 - oral secretions, type 2 - sexually transmitted

type 1 - oral lesions, type 2 - vesicular lesions

55
Q

transmission and S/S of chlamydia

A

sexually transmitted

inflammation and gray/white urethral discharge

56
Q

complications of chlamydia

A

women - PID
men - epididymitis, prostatitis, proctitis, proctocolitis

57
Q

transmission and S/S of scabies

A

skin-to-skin, sexually transmitted, and sharing undergarments, towels, and linens

rash of small, raised red bumps causing intense itching especially at night, may developed sores from scratching rash

58
Q

three types of lice

A

head, body, pubic

59
Q

transmission and S/S of lice

A

direct contact with infected person or objects

severe itching/irritation, sores, eggs can be seen in hair

60
Q

what causes genital warts

A

HPV

61
Q

what can HPV cause

A

cervical, vulvar, and anal cancers

62
Q

what happens if HPV is passed onto fetus

A

fetus can develop laryngeal papillomatosis (throat warts that block the airway)

63
Q

what is chancroid known to facilitate transmission of

A

HIV

64
Q

S/S of chancroid

A

painful sores usually in genitals, swollen lymph glands, and inguinal buboes in groin area

65
Q

transmission and S/S of trichomoniasis

A

parasitic infection sexually transmitted

itching, frequent urination, burning, foul-smelling or pus discharge, spotting

66
Q

what can untreated trichomoniasis cause

A

low birth weight, premature birth, and increased susceptibility to HIV

67
Q

what is candidiasis

A

yeast infection

68
Q

what is viral hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver produced by a virus

69
Q

what is Hep B also known as and how is it transmitted

A

serum hepatitis

infectious blood and body fluids, sexually transmitted, blood transfusion, contaminated needles

70
Q

S/S of Hep B

A

loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, malaise, low-grade fever, abdominal discomfort, joint aches, and later signs: darkened urine, jaundice, and icterus (yellowing of sclera)

71
Q

if a smoker have a sudden distaste for cigarettes, what is the probable cause

A

Hep B

72
Q

common routes of transmission of Hep C

A

needlesticks, sharing needles

73
Q

S/S of Hep C

A

lack of appetite, nausea and vomiting, low-grade fever, abdominal distress, joint discomfort, dark urine, clay-colored bowel movements, jaundice, general feeling of illness

74
Q

distribution of genotypes of hepatitis D

A

1: worldwide
2: Taiwan, Japan, northern Asia
3: South America

75
Q

what must happen before pt can be infected with Hep D

A

must be infected by Hep B

76
Q

transmission and S/S of HIV and AIDS

A

blood contact, sexually transmitted, blood transfusions

febrile illness, malaise, swollen lymph glands, headache, rash

77
Q

how is HIV transitioned into AIDS

A

opportunistic infections: cytomegalovirus, Kaposi sarcoma, atypical TB, cryptococcal meningitis

78
Q

what can cytomegalovirus cause

A

blindness

79
Q

what is Kaposi sarcoma

A

red or purple skin cancers

80
Q

what fungal group are fungal infections commonly caused by

A

dermatophytes
tinea-

81
Q

S/S of fungal infections

A

scaly rash and itching

82
Q

what is a helminth

A

parasitic worm

83
Q

S/S of helminths

A

fatigue, weight loss, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting

84
Q

tinea capitis

A

head, scalp

85
Q

tinea corporis

A

body

86
Q

tinea cruris

A

groin

86
Q

tinea pedis

A

feet

86
Q

tinea manuum

A

hands

86
Q

tinea unguium

A

fingernails/toenails

87
Q

tinea versicolor

A

trunk

88
Q

common side effects of helminths medications

A

GI distress, headache, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension

89
Q

transmission and S/S of hookworm

A

walking barefoot on contaminated soil

itching, localized rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue

90
Q

transmission of pinworm and S/S

A

fecal-oral route from crowded conditions like schools

itching

91
Q

transmission and S/S of ebola

A

direct contact, blood, droplet, infected animals

sudden fever onset, intense weakness, muscle pain, headaches, sore throat, diarrhea, vomiting, rash, impaired kidney/liver function, internal/external bleeding

92
Q

what causes most outbreaks of gastroenteritis and food-borne illnesses

A

norovirus

93
Q

transmission and S/S of norovirus

A

direct contact, contact with contaminated surfaces, ingestion of food/water contaminated by feces

nausea, forceful vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, weakness, low-grade fever

94
Q

transmission and S/S of Hep A

A

fecal-oral route, contaminated drinking water, milk, sliced meats, and undercooked shellfish

fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, nausea, abdominal pain, smokers lose interest in smoking, jaundice, dark-colored urine, pale, clay-colored stools

95
Q

what is Hep V also referrred to as

A

enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis

96
Q

transmission of Hep E

A

fecal-oral

97
Q

most common cause of vector-borne disease

A

ticks or mosquitoes

98
Q

what are vector-borne diseases also called

A

zoonotic

99
Q

transmission and S/S of West Nile Virus

A

mosquito bite

usually no symptoms but can have fever, headache, fatigue, weakness, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash

100
Q

transmission and S/S of dengue fever

A

mosquito bite

high fever, severe headache, severe pain behind eyes, joint pain, muscle/bone pain, rash, mild bleeding

101
Q

transmission and S/S of chikungunya fever

A

mosquito bite

severe, possibly incapacitating joint pain

102
Q

transmission and S/S of zika virus

A

mosquito bite

usually asymptomatic, can have fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis, muscle pain, and headache

103
Q

transmission of lyme disease

A

ticks

104
Q

area and time of year prevalence for Lyme disease

A

northeast US in June-August

105
Q

3 stages of Lyme disease and its symptoms

A
  1. early localized stage - bull’s eye rash (round, red skin lesion) warm to touch and may scab or blister
  2. early disseminated stage - secondary lesions, fever, chills, headache, malaise, muscle pain, dry cough, testicular swelling, sore throat, enlarged spleen and lymph nodes
  3. late manifestations - arthritis, intermittent joint pain, memory impairment, depression, severe fatigue
106
Q

side effects of untreated Lyme disease

A

meningoencephalitis, cranial and peripheral neuropathy, pericarditis, myocarditis, and atrioventricular conduction difficulties

107
Q

transmission and S/S of Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

A

tick-borne

fever, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, muscle pain, rash

108
Q

hantavirus infection is also known as what

A

hemorrhagic fever with pulmonary syndrome

109
Q

transmission and S/S of hantavirus

A

direct contact with rodent waste and aerosol inhalation during cleaning up infested areas

stage 1: fever, chills, headaches, muscle aches, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
stage 2: productive cough, SOB, fluid accumulation within lungs, low BP and cardiac insufficiency

110
Q

transmission and S/S of rabies

A

bite and saliva from infected animal

fever, chills, sore throat, malaise, headache, weakness, paresthesia (tingling skin) leading into neurologic phase

111
Q

neurologic phase of rabies

A

hyperactivity, seizures, bizarre behavior, hydrophobia (fear of sight of water and spasms of throat when trying to drink water), paralysis, deteriorating mental status

112
Q

transmission and S/S of MERS-CoV

A

nasal secretions and urine of camels and contact with infected person

fever, cough, SOB, GI disturbances, nausea, vomiting, reduced level of lymphocytes

113
Q

transmission and S/S of tetanus

A

puncture wound contaminated with animal feces, street dust, or soil or contaminated street drugs

painful muscle contractions or rigidity in neck, face, jaw, and trunk muscles, abdominal rigidity, dysphagia, hydrophobia, drooling, and respiratory distress

114
Q

what factors increase risk for developing MRSA

A

antibiotic therapy, prolonged hospital stays, stay in intensive care or burn unit and exposure to infected patient

115
Q

transmission and S/S of MRSA

A

direct contact

soft-tissue infections like abscesses, empyema, endocarditis

116
Q

people at risk to developing VRSA

A

multiple underlying health conditions, indwelling catheters, recent hospitalization, recent exposure

117
Q

what is VRSA

A

vancomycin-resistant S aureus

118
Q

S/S of VRSA

A

skin abscesses, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, osteomyelitis, fever, chills, body weakness, pain, cough, chest pain, trouble breathing

119
Q

cause and S/S of vancomycin-resistant enterococci

A

health care associated infection of already ill or immunocompromised patient

UTI or bacteremia evolving into sepsis

120
Q

common cause of Cdiff

A

antibiotics

121
Q

transmission and S/S of C diff

A

contact with surfaces contaminated with feces

frequent watery, green, foul-smelling diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, and abdominal discomfort

122
Q

common cause of and what is carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

A

highly resistant to most antibiotics including carbapenem agents that are used as last resort for treating infections

medical tourism

123
Q

S/S of CRE

A

fever, UTI, fatigue, chills, sepsis

124
Q

how was SARS created

A

merger of two viruses, one from mammals and one from birds (bats from Hong Kong)

125
Q

transmission and S/S of SARS

A

close personal contact

fever over 100.4, headache, discomfort, body aches, after 2-7 days dry cough and can progress to pneumonia

126
Q

transmission and S/S of avian flu

A

close contact with infected birds

fever, sore throat, cough, muscle aches, eye infections, can progress to pneumonia and respiratory distress

127
Q
A

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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