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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > CHP 25: HEMATOLOGIC EMERGENCIES > Flashcards

CHP 25: HEMATOLOGIC EMERGENCIES Flashcards

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1
Q

3 parts of the hematopoietic system

A

bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes

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2
Q

hemolytic disorders vs hemostatic disorders

A

hemolytic: disease processes causing breakdown of RBCs

hemostatic: bleeding and clotting abnormalities

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3
Q

average amount of blood in body

A

5-6L

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4
Q

blood volume:
plasma ___%
formed elements ___%

A

plasma: 55%
formed elements: 45%

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5
Q

RBCs aka ___
WBCs aka ___
platelets aka ___

A

erythrocytes
leukocytes
thrombocytes

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6
Q

what is the Bohr effect

A

when RBCs encounter environment with higher concentration of CO2, they release the oxygen

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7
Q

what is neutropenia

A

abnormally low number of neutrophils

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8
Q

2 categories of immune system

A

humoral and cell-mediated

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9
Q

what does humoral immunity consist of

A

antibodies/immunoglobulins

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10
Q

what does cell-mediated immunity consist of

A

macrophages and T cells

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11
Q

where are platelets stored when not circulating

A

spleen

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12
Q

what is thrombocytosis

A

body produces too many platelets causing coagulation or clotting in vessels

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13
Q

what is coagulopathy

A

any process that interferes with clotting cascade or hemostasis

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14
Q

what is von Willebrand disease

A

blood’s ability to clot is decreased due to absence of key protein von Willebrand factor needed for platelet adhesion

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15
Q

what is the primary site for cell production

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

what produces clotting factors found in blood

A

liver

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17
Q

what organ filters blood

A

liver

18
Q

what is the most common inherited blood disorder

A

sickle cell anemia

19
Q

what happens during an aplastic crisis

A

body temporarily stops RBC production

20
Q

what happens during hemolytic crisis

A

acute RBC destruction leads to jaundice

21
Q

what is vasoocclusive crisis

A

blood flow to organ becomes restricted causing pain, ischemia, and organ damage

22
Q

what is splenic sequestration crisis

A

sickle cells trapping blood within the spleen resulting in acute enlargement of spleen and hard, bloated abdomen

23
Q

what is icteric sclera

A

yellowing of eye

24
Q

definition of anemia

A

hemoglobin or RBC level lower than normal

25
Q

most common type of anemia

A

iron-deficient

26
Q

symptoms of anemia

A

fatigue, lethargy, dyspnea, chest discomfort

27
Q

what is leukopenia and its symptoms

A

reduction in WBCs - infection and fever

28
Q

what is thrombocytopenia and its symptoms

A

reduction in platelets - cutaneous bleeding and bleeding from mucous membranes (nose bleed)

29
Q

where does leukemia develop

A

lymphoid system

30
Q

symptoms of leukemia

A

bone pain, fever, soreness in chest, unexplained bleeding, high lymphocyte count in blood work

31
Q

two classifications of lymphomas

A

non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin

32
Q

symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

night sweats, chills, persistent cough, swelling of lymph nodes esp. in neck, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, bone pain, generalized itching

33
Q

what is polycythemia

A

overproduction of RBCs increasing blood viscosity and volume, increasing risk of thrombus formation

34
Q

two stages of disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

1st: defibrination (breakdown of fibrin clots) occurs
2nd: uncontrolled hemorrhage

35
Q

what is purpura

A

small black and blue marks

36
Q

what is hemophilia

A

bleeding disorder where clotting is insufficient or doesn’t occur

37
Q

two types of hemophilia

A

type A: low levels of factor VIII
type B: deficiency of factor IX

38
Q

what is multiple myeloma

A

number of plasma cells in bone marrow abnormally increase leading to tumors in bone

39
Q

what time frame do transfusion reactions typically occur within

A

30-60mins

40
Q

universal donor:
universal receiver:

A

O-
AB+

41
Q

symptoms of acute transfusion reaction

A

rapid onset of chills, fever, back pain, vomiting, tachycardia, hypotension

42
Q
A

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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