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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > CHP 33: BURNS > Flashcards

CHP 33: BURNS Flashcards

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1
Q

the eye is more sensitive to what kind of chemical

A

alkali (basic - higher pH)

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2
Q

why do burns cause hypovolemic shock

A

fluid loss from damaged skin and volume shifts within body

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3
Q

thermal burns occur when skin is exposed to what temp or higher

A

118

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4
Q

what state of matter causes more significant burns

A

solids over gases

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5
Q

what type of burns do lightning strikes cause

A

flash burn

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6
Q

zone of coagulation

A

area that sustains most damage, little to no blood flow

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7
Q

zone of stasis

A

peripheral area surrounding zone of coagulation that has decreased blood flow and inflammation

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8
Q

zone of hyperemia

A

area least effected by thermal injury

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9
Q

superficial burn

A

1st degree - epidermis only, skin is red and swollen

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10
Q

partial-thickness burn

A

2nd degree - epidermis and dermis - blisters and moisture present

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11
Q

full-thickness burn

A

3rd degree - destroys epidermis and dermis - no pain

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12
Q

subdermal burns

A

4, 5, and 6th degree - all layers of skin damaged and layers of fat, muscle, bone, or internal organs

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13
Q

infraglottic and lower airway damage is associated with ___ and supraglottic airway damage is associated with ______

A

steam

superheated gases

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14
Q

treatment for airway burns

A

humidified oxygen and nebulized epi

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15
Q

what toxic gas is present in fires

A

hydrogen cyanide

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16
Q

what does hydrogen cyanide smell like

A

bitter almonds

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17
Q

how much easier does CO bind to hemoglobin than oxygen

A

250x

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18
Q

what is an escharotomy

A

surgical cut through burned tissues to allow for swelling

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19
Q

what burns to include in TBSA

A

partial and full-thickness burns (not superficial ones)

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20
Q

rule of 9’s for adult

A

head: 9
back: 18
chest: 18
arms: 9 each
legs: 18 each
genitals: 1

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21
Q

rule of 9’s for infant

A

head: 18
back: 18
chest: 18
arms: 9 each
legs: 13.5 each
genitals: 1

22
Q

rule of 9’s for child

A

head: 12
back: 18
chest: 18
arms: 9 each
legs: 16.5 each
genitals: 1

23
Q

major burn criteria

A

hands/feet, face, circumferential burns
full-thickness covering more than 10% of TBSA
partial-thickness burns covering 25% of TBSA between 10-50 years old and 20% under 10 years or over 50 years
inhalation burns
electrical or chemical burns

24
Q

Parkland formula

A

4mL x body weight (kg) x %TBSA burned

give one half of that amount in first 8 hours and other half over next 16 hours

25
Q

1% TBSA equals how long of inpatient treatment

A

1 day

26
Q

what type of injury do acid chemicals create

A

coagulation necrosis

27
Q

what type of injury do bases and alkalis create

A

liquefaction necrosis

28
Q

what type of injury do vesicants create

A

blister agents

29
Q

what to do with powder chemical exposure

A

brush off, do NOT use water

30
Q

treatment for sodium metal contact

A

cover will oil

31
Q

treatment for hydrofluoric acid exposure

A

calcium gluconate topical gel

32
Q

highly water soluble vs slightly water soluble irritant gases effects

A

high: immediate
slightly: hours or days later

33
Q

management for inhaled gases

A

O2 and nebbed beta agonists

34
Q

low vs high voltage patterns in body

A

low: path of least resistance along blood vessels and muscles
high: shortest path

35
Q

what type of current is most likely to induce vfib

A

alternating

36
Q

what is alternating current so dangerous

A

causes muscle contractions, causing patient to freeze to electrocution source

37
Q

at what milliamps is cardiac arrest and death probable

A

10,000

38
Q

at what milliamps does the patient “freeze”

A

9-30

39
Q

what is Ohm’s law

A

current = voltage / resistance

40
Q

what is Joule’s law

A

one joule is generated when 1 amp flows through 1 ohm of resistance for 1 second

41
Q

what’s the amp that can provoke vfib

A

0.1 amp from hand to hand

42
Q

how many amps does a taser produce

A

3 milliamps

43
Q

what type of electricity does lightning carry

A

30,000 amps of direct current

44
Q

what stops alpha particles

A

skin

45
Q

what stops beta particles

A

clothing

46
Q

what stops gamma radiation

A

several inches of lead or concrete

47
Q

what is ARS

A

acute radiation syndrome - exposed to very high levels of radiation for brief period

48
Q

what is a predictor of poor outcomes with radiation sickness

A

onset of vomiting soon after exposure

49
Q

a burn and radiation affecting more than what percent of TBSA should affect your triage decisions

A

30

50
Q

what drug protects thyroid against radioactive isotopes and how soon must it be given

A

potassium iodide within 6 hours of exposure

51
Q

what is the inverse square law

A

exposure drops as distance from source increases

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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