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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > A&P CHAPTER 16: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

A&P CHAPTER 16: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

DOES THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM WORK SLOWER OF FASTER THAN NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

SLOWER

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2
Q

WHAT DOES THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM SECRETE

A

HORMONES

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3
Q

PARACRINE VS AUTOCRINE SECRETIONS

A

PARACRINE: AFFECT ONLY NEIGHBORING CELLS
AUTOCRINE: AFFECT THE SECRETING CELL ONLY

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4
Q

HORMONES

A

CHEMICAL MESSENGERS THAT DIFFUSE FROM BLOODSTREAM TO ACT ON TARGET CELLS AND REGULATE THEIR METABOLIC FUNCTIONS

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5
Q

STEROID HORMONES DERIVE FROM

A

CHOLESTEROL
EX. TESTOSTERONE, CORTISOL

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6
Q

AMINES HORMONES DERIVE FROM

A

AMINO ACIDS
EX. EPI, NOREPI

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7
Q

GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES DERIVE FROM

A

CARBS AND PROTEINS
EX: TSH

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8
Q

PEPTIDE HORMONES DERIVE FROM

A

AMINO ACIDS
EX: OXYTOCIN

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9
Q

PROTEIN HORMONES DERIVE FROM

A

AMINO ACIDS
EX: GH, PTH

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10
Q

FIRST MESSENGER

A

HORMONE THAT TRIGGERS ENTERING OF TARGET CELL BY HORMONE

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11
Q

LEUKOTRIENES

A

RELEASE SIGNALS THAT REGULATE INFLAMMATION AND ALLERGIC REACTIONS

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12
Q

SECOND MESSENGERS

A

BIOCHEMICALS IN CELL THAT CAUSE CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO THE HORMONES BINDING

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13
Q

MAIN HORMONE THAT STIMULATES CELLULAR METABOLISM

A

THYROXINE

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14
Q

WHAT MECHANISM CONTROLS HORMONE SECRETION

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

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15
Q

HUMORAL STIMULI

A

CHANGING BLOOD LEVELS OF CERTAIN IONS AND NUTRIENTS TRIGGERS ENDOCRINE GLAND ACTIONS

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16
Q

NEURAL STIMULI

A

ENDOCRINE GLAND STARTS ACTION FROM NERVE FIBER STIMULATION

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17
Q

HORMONAL STIMULI

A

HORMONE RELEASES DUE TO THE PRODUCTION OF OTHER HORMONES

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18
Q

PERMISSIVENESS HORMONE INTERACTION

A

ONE HORMONE CANNOT EXERT ITS FULL EFFECTS WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF ANOTHER HORMONE

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19
Q

SYNERGISM HORMONE INTERACTION

A

ONE HORMONE PRODUCES THE SAME EFFECT AS ANOTHER HORMONE ON THE TARGET CELL, AMPLIFYING THEIR EFFECTS

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20
Q

ANTAGONSIM HORMONE REACTION

A

ONE HORMONE OPPOSES ANOTHER HORMONE’S ACTIONS

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21
Q

WHAT DOES THE PITUITARY GLAND DO

A

MANUFACTURES AND RELEASES A VARIETY OF HORMONES

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22
Q

WHAT DOES THE HYPOTHALAMUS DO FOR THE PITUITARY GLAND

A

SENDS RELEASING AND INHIBITING HORMONES/STIMULUS TO THE PITUITARY AND REGULATE ITS HORMONE SECRETIONS

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23
Q

WHICH ONE IS THE “MASTER ENDOCRINE GLAND”

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

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24
Q

WHAT HORMONES REGULATE THE SECRETORY ACTIONS OF OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS

25
Q

GH HORMONE

A

GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING/INHIBITING
INCREASES SIZE AND DIVISION RATE OF BODY CELLS
GOES TO BONE/TISSUES

26
Q

PRL HORMONE

A

PROLACTIN RELEASING
SUSTAINS MILK PRODUCTION AFTER BIRTH
GOES TO MAMMARY GLANDS

27
Q

TSH HORMONE

A

THYROID RELEASING
CONTROLS THYROID GLAND HORMONE SECRETION
GOES TO THYROID

28
Q

ACTH HORMONE

A

CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING
CONTROLS ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONE SECRETION
GOES TO ADRENAL CORTEX

29
Q

FSH HORMONE

A

GONADOTROPIN RELEASING
ESTROGEN/EGG FOLLICLES AND SPERM CELLS
GOES TO OVARIES/TESTES

30
Q

LH HORMONE

A

GROWTH HORMONE
PROMOTES SEX HORMONE SECRETION
GOES TO OVARIES/TESTES

31
Q

ADH

A

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
CONSERVATION OF WATER IN KIDNEYS
INCREASES BP
GOES TO KIDNEYS

32
Q

“HUNGER HORMONE” AND WHAT IT STIMULATES THE RELEASE OF

A

GHRELIN
RELEASE OF GROWTH HORMONE

33
Q

THYROXINE

34
Q

WHAT DOES THE ADRENAL CORTEX SYNTHESIZE

A

CORTICOSTEROIDS

35
Q

MINERALOCORTICOIDS

A

REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATIONS IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS (POTASSIUM AND SODIUM)
FROM ADRENAL CORTEX

36
Q

ADLOSTERONE

A

HELPS REGULATE EXTRACELLULAR ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATIONS
FROM ADRENAL CORTEX

37
Q

CORTISOL

A

DECREASES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, ICREASES FATTY ACID RELEASE, STIMULATES GLUCOSE SYNTHESIS FROM NONCARBS
FROM HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY

38
Q

ADRENAL ANDROGENS

A

INNER ZONE OF ADRENAL CORTEX
SUPPLEMENT SEX HORMONES

39
Q

GLUCOCORTICOIDS

40
Q

WHAT DOES THE ADRENAL MEDULLA SECRETE

A

EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE

41
Q

EFFECTS OF EPI AND NOREPI ON HEART

A

INCREASES RATE AND FORCE OF CONTRACTION

42
Q

EFFECTS OF EPI AND NOREPI ON BLOOD VESSELS

A

EPI: DILATES SKELETAL MUSCLE VESSELS
NOREPI: CONSTRICTS BLOOD VESSELS IN SKIN/VISCERA

43
Q

EFFECTS OF EPI AND NOREPI ON BP

A

EPI: SLIGHTLY INCREASES
NOREPI: INCREASES GREATLY

44
Q

EFFECTS OF EPI AND NOREPI ON AIRWAYS

A

EPI: DILATES
NOREPI: DILATES SLIGHTLY

45
Q

EFFECTS OF EPI AND NOREPI ON BRAIN FORMATION

A

EPI: ACTIVATES
NOREPI: LITTLE EFFECT

46
Q

EFFECTS OF EPI AND NOREPI ON LIVER

A

EPI: INCREASES BGL
NOREPI: LITTLE EFFECT

47
Q

EFFECTS OF EPI AND NOREPI ON METABOLIC RATE

48
Q

WHAT DOES THE PINEAL GLAND SECRETE

49
Q

THYMUS RELEASES WHAT HORMONES

A

“THY’S”
THYMULIN, THYMOPOIETINS, THYMOSINS

50
Q

REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS RELEASE WHAT HORMONES

A

ESTROGENS AND TESTOSTERONE

51
Q

GI TRACT RELEASE WHAT HORMONES

A

GASTRIN AND GHRELIN

52
Q

HEART RELEASES WHAT HORMONES

A

ATRIAL PEPTIDE: REDUCES BP AND VOLUME, DECREASES SODIUM IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

53
Q

ISLETS OF LANGERHANS

A

IN PANCREAS
ALPHA CELLS: SECRETE GLUCAGON
BETAL CELLS: SECRETE INSULIN

54
Q

KIDNEYS RELEASE WHAT HORMONES

A

ERYTHROPOIETIN: CAUSES BONE MARROW TO INCREASE PROTEIN PRODUCTION

55
Q

ADIPOSE TISSUE RELEASE WHAT HORMONES

A

LEPTIN: INFORMS BODY HOW MUCH STORED FAT IS PRESENT
RESISTIN: INSULIN ANTAGONIST
ADIPONECTIN: ENAHNCES SENSITIVITY TO INSULIN

56
Q

SKELETON RELEASES WHAT HORMONE

A

OSTEOCALCIN: SECRETES MORE INSULIN AND REDUCES BODY FAT BY IMPROVING HANDLING OF GLUCOSE

57
Q

SKIN RELEASES WHAT HORMONE

A

CHOLECALCIFEROL: INACTIVE FORM OF VITAMIN D

58
Q

WHAT CONTROLS THE STRESS RESPONSE

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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