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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > CHP 38: ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA > Flashcards

CHP 38: ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA Flashcards

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1
Q

components of the axial skeleton

A

vertebral column, skull, ribs, and sternum

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2
Q

components of the appendicular skeleton

A

pectoral and pelvic girdles and upper/lower extremity bones

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3
Q

what does the shoulder girdle consist of

A

scapula and clavicle

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4
Q

what is a FOOSH

A

fall on outstretched hand

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5
Q

supination vs pronation

A

supination: palms up
pronation: palms down

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6
Q

where does most hand function come from

A

forearm muscles

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7
Q

what allows the foot to be positioned away from the body for balance and strength

A

thigh

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8
Q

what bone supports 90% of the upper body’s weight

A

tibia

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9
Q

when does skeletal injuries result

A

when tissues are impacted by forces that exceed tissues’ physiologic limitations

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10
Q

at what age do bones decrease in density

A

35y/o

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11
Q

when does bone density decrease in women

A

post menopause

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12
Q

what is a significant decrease in bone density called

A

osteoporosis

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13
Q

what is FRAX

A

fracture risk assessment tool used to evaluate pt’s 10-year probability of fracture

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14
Q

what type of injury is indirect force

A

falling from height and landing on feet, causing pelvic fractures

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15
Q

what is indirect injury

A

force strikes one region of body and is transferred to area away from point of impact

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16
Q

what do twisting injuries result in

A

fractures, sprains, and dislocations

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17
Q

what are fatigue fractures also called

A

stress fractures

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18
Q

what is a fracture

A

break in the continuity of a bone

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19
Q

what is new bone called

A

osteoid

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20
Q

3 ways a fracture may be classified

A

direction of fracture line, number of fractures on bone, or number of cortices (outer layers of bone) involved

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21
Q

open vs closed fracture

A

open: break in overlying skin allows fracture to communicate with outside environment

closed: skin over fracture site remains intact

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22
Q

what is a linear fracture

A

parallel to long axis of the bone

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23
Q

what is a transverse fracture

A

straight across bone at right angles

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24
Q

what is an oblique fracture

A

angled across the bone

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25
Q

what is a spiral fracture

A

encircles the bone

26
Q

what is an impacted fracture

A

end of one bone becomes wedged into another bone

27
Q

what is a pathologic fracture

A

erosive destruction of bone or abnormal overgrowth of bone

28
Q

what is a comminuted fracture

A

more than two fracture fragments in one area of the bone

29
Q

what is a segmental fracture

A

more than two fracture fragments occurring in different parts of the bone

30
Q

what is a complete fracture

A

break through both cortices

31
Q

what is an incomplete fracture

A

break through one cortex

32
Q

where do greenstick fractures usually occur

A

tibia or radius in children

33
Q

what is a depression fracture

A

blunt trauma to a flat bone (skull) causing bone to be pushed inward

34
Q

what fracture is caused by sudden jerking of a body part

A

avulsion fracture

35
Q

what is the most reliable signs of a fracture

A

deformity

36
Q

what is the primary symptom of a fracture

A

pain localized to fracture site

37
Q

what is a “knocked-down shoulder” indicative of

A

clavicle fracture on the side to which the head is leaning

38
Q

what is subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint

39
Q

what is diastasis

A

ligaments holding two bones in fixed position are disrupted and the space between them increases

40
Q

principal symptoms of dislocation

A

pain or feeling of pressure over involved joint and loss of motion

41
Q

sprains vs strains

A

sprains: ligaments
strains: muscle or tendon

42
Q

what are the 6 P’s of musculoskeletal assessment

A

pain, paralysis, paresthesia, pulselessness, pallor, pressure

43
Q

general treatment of sprains and strains

A

RICES - rest, ice, compression, elevation, splinting

44
Q

which fracture site has the highest potential for blood loss

A

pelvis

45
Q

when to use ice for treating injuries

A

initial 48 hours

46
Q

when should heat therapy be avoided in injuries

A

48-72 hours

47
Q

what must be splinted for fractures

A

bone ends and the two adjacent joints

48
Q

what must be splinted for dislocations

A

entire length of bone above and below dislocated joint

49
Q

how far should the traction splint extend beyond the foot

A

6-10 inches

50
Q

what is devascularization

A

loss of blood flow to body part when blood vessels are damaged from musculoskeletal injury

51
Q

what is fascia

A

inelastic membrane surrounding groups of muscles

52
Q

what is compartment syndrome

A

pressure too high in limb, preventing blood flow to that area, leading to muscle ischemia and death

53
Q

first S/S of compartment syndrome

A

searing or burning pain to involved compartment out of proportion to the injury

54
Q

what is Crush syndrome

A

prolonged compression force impairs muscle metabolism and circulation, causing tissues to become ischemic and necrotic, releases harmful products

55
Q

what time frame do muscle cells begin to die from compression

A

4-6 hours

56
Q

how is cytotoxicity caused

A

production of oxygen free radicals

57
Q

typical finding in cytotoxicity

A

tea-colored urine

58
Q

S/S of DVT

A

swelling of extremity, discomfort that worsened with use, warmth and erythema of extremity

59
Q

fat embolism S/S

A

12-72 hours within injury - tachycardia, dyspnea, fever, petechiae, AMS

60
Q
A

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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