A&P CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM

Question 1

METABOLISM

Answer 1

CHEMICAL CHANGE STHAT TAKE PLACE INSIDE LIVING CELLS

Question 2

ANABOLISM

Answer 2

BUILDUP OF LARGER MOLECULES FROM SMALLER ONES

Question 3

CATABOLISM

Answer 3

BREAKDOWN OF LARGER MOLECULES INTO SMALLER ONES

Question 4

STAGES OF ANABOLISM (3)

Answer 4

STAGE 1: DIGESTION IN GI TRACT
STAGE 2: NUTIENTS ARE BUILT UP/BROKEN DOWN
STAGE 3: CATABOLIC ACTIVITY THAT FINALIZED FOOD BREAKDOWN

Question 5

EXAMPLE OF ANABOLISM

Answer 5

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

Question 6

EXAMPLE OF CATABOLISM

Answer 6

HYDROLYSIS

Question 7

OXIDATION

Answer 7

GAIN OF OXYGEN OR LOSS OF HYDROGEN
LOSES ELECTRONS/ENERGY

Question 8

ENERGY

Answer 8

ABILITY TO DO WORK AND CHANGE OR MOVE MATTER

Question 9

WHAT IS RELEASED WHEN BONDS BETWEEN ATOMS OF MOLECULES ARE BROKEN

Answer 9

CHEMICAL ENERGY

Question 10

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Answer 10

PROCESS THAT RELEASES ENERGY FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
GLUCOSE IS BROKEN DOWN IN THE CELLS

Question 11

THREE TYPES OF REACTIONS IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Answer 11

GLYCOLYSIS
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Question 12

WHAT IS NEEDED IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Answer 12

GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN

Question 13

PRODUCTS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Answer 13

CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER, AND ENERGY

Question 14

GLYCOLYSIS

Answer 14

GLUCOSE IS BROKEN DOWN TO YIELD LACTIC OR PYRUVIC ACID AND RELEASES ATP

Question 15

GLYCOLYSIS IS AEROBIC OR ANAEROBIC

Answer 15

ANAEROBIC - DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN

Question 16

THREE MAJOR PHASES OF GLYCOLYSIS

Answer 16

SUGAR ACTIVATION
SUGAR CLEAVAGE
SUGAR OXIDATION WITH ATP FORMATION

Question 17

CITRIC ACID CYCLE / KREBS CYCLE

Answer 17

METABOLISMS OF GLUCOSE, FATTY ACIDS, AND AMINO ACIDS TO YIELD CARBON DIOXID, WATER, AND ATP

Question 18

HOW MANY ATP DOES KREBS CYCLE PRODUCE

Answer 18

2 ATP

Question 19

HOW MANY ATP DOES GLYCOLYSIS PRODUCE

Answer 19

2 ATP

Question 20

3 STEPS OF KREBS CYCLE

Answer 20

DECARBOXYLATION
OXIDATION
ACETYL COA FORMATION

Question 21

IS KREBS CYCLE AEROBIC OR ANAEROBIC

Answer 21

AEROBIC

Question 22

IS ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AEROBIC OR ANAEROBIC

Answer 22

AEROBIC

Question 23

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Answer 23

PROTEINS THAT TRANSFER ELECTRONS THROUGH MEMBRANE IN MITOCHONDRIA TO FORM GRADIENT THAT CREATES ATP

Question 24

HOW MANY ATP DOES ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN PRODUCE

Answer 24

32 ATP

Question 25

METABOLIC PATHWAY

Answer 25

SEQUENCE OF ENZYME CONTROLLED REACTIONS

Question 26

FIRST ENZYME IN A METABOLIC PATHWAY

Answer 26

RATE-LIMITING

Question 27

GLYCOGENESIS

Answer 27

GLUCOSE MOLECULES JOIN IN LONG CHAINS TO BECOME GLYCOGEN BECAUSE ENOUGH ATP IS PRESENT

Question 28

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

Answer 28

“SPLITTING” OF GLYCOGEN BY THE LIVER AND KIDNEY WHEN BGL DROPS TOO LOW TO PRODUCE FREE GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD

Question 29

GLUCONEOGENESIS

Answer 29

FORMING GLUCOSE FROM NONCARB MOLECULES IN THE LIVER WHEN THERE IS NOT ENOUGH GLUCOSE

Question 30

TYPE OF LIPID REGULARLY OXIDIZED FOR ENERGY

Answer 30

TRIGLYCERIDES

Question 31

LIPOGENESIS

Answer 31

TRIGLYCERIDE SYNTHESIS WHEN ATP AND GLUCOSE LEVELS ARE HIGH
STORED IN ADIPOSE TISSUE FOR LATER USE

Question 32

LIPOLYSIS

Answer 32

BREAKDOWN OF STORED FATS INTO FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL WHEN CARB INTAKE IS INSUFFICIENT

Question 33

KETOGENESIS

Answer 33

LIVER CONVERTS ACETYL COA TO KETONES

Question 34

EXCESS PROTEIN CANNOT ____

Answer 34

BE STORED IN THE BODY

Question 35

HOW MANY GRAMS OF AMINO ACID IS USED IN 24HRS

Answer 35

100G

Question 36

STEPS IN THE OXIDATION OF AMINO ACIDS

Answer 36

TRASNAMINATION
OXIDATIVE DEANIMATION
MIDIFICATION OF KETO ACIDS

Question 37

WHAT DOES HYDROLYSIS BREAK DOWN

Answer 37

PROTEINS, CARBS, AND FATS

Question 38

MOST COMMON ENTRY POINT INTO THE KREBS CYCLE

Answer 38

ACETYL COA

Question 39

OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS

Answer 39

OXIDIZED SUBSTANCES LOSE ENERGY
REDUCED SUBSTANCES GAIN ENERGY