CHP 30: TRAUMA SYSTEMS AND MOIs Flashcards
what is mechanical energy and its two types
energy from motion
kinetic (object in motion) and potential (non-moving object)
what does barometric energy result from
radical sudden changes in pressure
external factors that determine types of injuries
force and energy delivered
spreading of impact without breaking skin is called what
blunt trauma
what injury to suspect with cracked windshield
spinal injury
velocity vs acceleration
velocity: speed
acceleration: change in velocity
newton’s first law of motion
body at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by outside force
newton’s second law of motion
force that an object can exert is equal to its mass x acceleration
5 phases of MVA’s
deceleration of vehicle (vehicle hitting another)
deceleration of occupants
deceleration of internal organs
secondary collisions from objects within vehicle
additional impacts (from another vehicle hitting wreck)
which type of MVA accident has the most survivors
rear impacts
common airbag injuries
chemical burns and abrasions
adult vs child vehicle vs pedestrian
adult: lateral and posterior injuries
kids: frontal injuries (freeze and stare at car)
3 MOIs in vehicle vs pedestrian
first impact: person with bumper
second: person onto hood or grill
third: body strikes ground
what is the Waddell triad
pattern of vehicle vs pedestrian injuries in kids
5, 6, vs 7 story fall
5: questionable survivability
6: unlikely survival
7: rarely survivable
how to adults vs kids fall
kids: head first and upper extremities from trying to break fall
adults: buttocks and wrists from trying to land on feet
what is the Don Juan syndrome
potential injuries from vertical fall to standing position
what is Colles fracture
fractures of forearm and wrist
5 factors of falls
height, position, area, surface, physical condition
examples of low and high velocity
low: knife
high: bullet
severity of stab wound depends on what
anatomic area involved, depth, blade length, and angle
3 primary firearm classifications
shotguns, rifles, handguns
most critical factor when determining seriousness of gunshot wound
type of tissue through which it passes
how to differentiate entrance from exit wound
entrance: can have powder burns
exit: usually larger and more ragged
what is the primary blast injury
injuries due to blast pressure wave itself
what is the secondary blast injury
injuries from missiles being propelled by blast force
what is the tertiary blast injury
injuries due to impact with another object
what is the quaternary blast injury
collateral injuries - burns, crush injuries, toxic inhalation
what is quinary blast injury
long-term damage from biologic, chemical, or radioactive contaminants added to explosive device
what on body is effected most by primary blast injury
lungs, eardrums, and compressible organs
most common cause of death from blast injuries
neurologic and head trauma
how does pressure waves from explosion effect vitals
hypotension and bradycardia from vagal nerve-mediated form of shock
what is the platinum 10 minutes
on-scene time for trauma patients limited to under 10 mins
what is the golden hour
hemorrhage control in critically injured patient within 1 hour after traumatic injury
two major groups of trauma patients
isolated and multisystem
what is deviated trachea indicative of
tension pneumo
what is the trauma score used for and its scale
determine likelihood of patient survival
1-16, 16 best possible consisting of GCS score, RR, respiratory expansion, cap refill, and BP
what is the revised trauma score and its scale
used to assess injury severity in patients with head trauma without multisystem injury
1-12, 12 best possible using GCS score, SBP, and RR
what is the trauma lethal triad
significant contributor to death in patients with severe traumatic bleeding
hypothermia, coagulopathy, acidosis
MOI criteria for transporting to level 1 trauma center
fall more than 10 ft, high risk MVC, vehicle vs pedestrian more than 20mph
parameters for high-risk MVC
12 inches intrusion to occupant side or 18 inches to any part of vehicle, extrication, ejection, unrestrained child, death of occupant in same vehicle
contraindications for air transport
traumatic cardiac arrest, morbidly obese, barotrauma
