A&P CHAPTER 10: MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
MUSCLE THAT CONTRACTS TO PROVIDE MOST OF A DESIRED MOVEMENT IS CALLED A ____ OR ______
PRIME MOVER OR AGONIST
MUSCLE THAT WORKS WITH A PRIME MOVER TO MAKE ITS ACTION MORE EFFECTIVE IS A ______
SYNERGIST
MUSCLE THAT ASSISTS AGONIST BY PREVENTING ANOTHER JOINT FROM MOVING TO STABILIZE THE ORIGIN OF THE AGONIST IS CALLED _____
WHAT KIND OF MUSCLE IS IT?
FIXATORS
SYNERGIST
WHAT MUSCLE CAUSES MOVEMENT IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION OF AN AGONIST?
ANTAGONIST
THE MUSCLE CONNECTION AT AN IMMOVABLE PART IS CALLED THE ____ AND THE CONNECTION TO A MOVEABLE PART IS CALLED THE ____
ORIGIN
INSERTION
_____ DESCRIBES THE DECREASE IN THE ANGLE OF A JOINT
FLEXION
_____ DESCRIBES THE INCREASE IN THE ANGLE OF A JOINT
EXTENSION
MOST MUSCLES ARE CLASSIFIED AS _____ MUSCLES ACCORDING TO ARRANGEMENT TYPES
PARALLEL
PARALLEL MUSCLES
FASCICLES ARE PARALLLEL TO THE LONG AXES
SPINDLE-SHAPED MUSCLES ARE CALLED _____
FUSIFORM MUSCLES
CONVERGENT MUSCLES
MUSCLE FASCICLES EXTEND OVER A BROAD AREA CONVERGING TO A SIGNLE ATTACHMENT SITE
PENNATE MUSCLES
FASCICLES CREATE A COMMON ANGLE WITH THE TENDON AND MUSCLE FIBERS PULL AT AN ANGLE
CIRCULAR MUSCLE
AKA SPHINCTER
FASCICLES ARE ARRANGED AROUND AN OPENING IN A CONCENTRIC PATTERN
SEVEN CLASSIFICATIONS OF MUSCLE FIBERS
LOCATION
SHAPE
SIZE
DIRECTION OF FIBERS
NUMBER OF ORIGINS
LOCATION OF ATTACHMENTS
ACTIONS
FAST FIBERS
REACH PEAK TWITCH TENSION IN LESS THAT 0.01SECS
CONTAIN LARGE RESERVES OF GLYCOGEN
FATIGUE QUICKLY
“WHITE MUSCLES”
SLOW FIBERS
TAKE 3X AS LONG TO REACH PEAK TENSION THAN FAST FIBERS
CAN CONTRACT FOR LONGER
HOLD LARGE OXYGEN RESERVES
“RED MUSCLES”
INTERMEDIATE FIBERS
BETWEEN SLOW AND FAST FIBERS
MORE RESISTANT TO FATIGUE THAN FAST FIBERS
“LIGHT RED MUSCLES”
ANY RIGID STRUCTURE THAT MOVES ON A FIXED POINT IS CALLED A ______
LEVER
THE FIXED POINT THAT A LEVER MOVES ON IS CALLED A ____
FULCRUM
APPLIED FORCE IN A LEVER SYSTEM IS THE ____
EFFORT
THE RESISTANCE IN A LEVER SYSTEM IS THE ____
LOAD
FIRST-CLASS LEVERS
“SEESAW”
EFFORT APPLIED AT ONE END, FULCRUM BETWEEN, LOAD AT OTHER END
SECOND-CLASS LEVERS
EFFORT AT ONE END, LOAD BETWEEN, FULCRUM ON THE OTHER END
THIRD-CLASS LEVERS
LOAD AT ONE END, EFFORT BETWEEN, FULCRUM AT OTHER END
DISTRIBUTION OF NERVES TO A REGION OR ORGAN IS CALLED ___
INNERVATION
WHAT AGE DO SKELETAL MUSCLES REACH THEIR MAXIMUM SIZE?
25 YEARS OLD
UNTIL WHAT AGE IS MUSCLE BUILT UP AND BROKEN DOWN EVENLY?
30 YEARS OLD
WHAT CAUSES SKELETAL MUSCLES TO BECOME LESS ELASTIC WITH AGING
FIBROSIS
