CHP 34: FACE/NECK TRAUMA Flashcards
what three cranial nerves control ocular movement
3, 4, and 6 - oculomotor, trochlear, abducens
what cranial nerve is responsible for sense of vision
2 - optic nerve
how many teeth does adult have
32
what is the adam’s apple
thyroid cartilage
what is periorbital ecchymosis
raccoon eyes
what is retro auricular ecchymosis
battle sign
what is diplopia
double vision
what is hemianopsia
loss of one half of vertical visual field
what is the focus with face and neck injuries
protecting the airway
what injuries can also be present with maxilla fractures
traumatic brain injuries and cervical spine injuries
what is the first clue to presence of maxillofacial fracture
ecchymosis
what type of injury should you suspect with mandibular fractures
malocclusion - misalignment of teeth
what happens with temporomandibular joint dislocation
patient opens mouth widely, feels pop, and then can’t close their mouth - locked in wide-open position
what is Le Fort 1 fracture
horizontal fracture of maxilla and hard palate, separating them from skull
what is Le Fort 2 fracture
pyramid fracture involving nasal bone and maxilla
what is Le Fort 3 fracture
fracture of all midfacial pones separating entire midface from cranium
what is Le Fort 4 fracture
Le Fort 3 fracture with frontal bone fracture
S/S of Le Fort fractures
severe facial pain, paresthesia of upper lip, visual disturbances, swelling, hemorrhage, deformity of face
symptoms of orbital fracture
diplopia and loss of sensation above eyebrow or cheek
what is enophthalmos traumaticus
eyeball retracts into space created when cavity is enlarged after orbital fracture
what does stimulation of the oculocardiac reflex do
causes decreased heart rate by 20%
what medication can stop nose bleeds
aerosoled alpha adrenergic agents
what material can’t be flushed out of eyes
rust and metal
what is hyphema
bleeding into anterior chamber of the eye that obscures vision
what is an eight-ball hyphema
dark-colored clot that covers entire anterior chamber of eye (non-acute injury)
when is retinal detachment most often seen
sports injuries, especially boxing
what painless eye injury causes flashing lights, specks, or “floaters” in vision field
retinal detachment
symptoms with central retinal artery occlusion
sudden, painless loss of vision in affected eye
how will the eye appear after acid burn
white and opaque
what is the most important symptom of an eye injury
visual loss that does not improve when the patient blinks
what does double vision usually involve
trauma to extraocular muscles
how many cardinal positions of gaze are there
six
what is dysconjugate gaze
discoordination between movements of two eyes
what is sympathetic eye movement
movement of both eyes in unison
how to decrease intraocular pressure
elevate backboard 40 degrees and discourage coughing
what is hemorrhagic otorrhea
blood drainage from ear
what are the boundaries of zone 1 of the neck
area between cricoid cartilage and clavicles/sternum
what are the boundaries of zone 2 of the neck
area between angle of mandible and cricoid cartilage
what are the boundaries of zone 3 of the neck
area above angle of the mandible
which neck zone has the association with highest mortality rate
1
which neck zone is the most difficult to recognize and which zone has the most obvious injuries
not obvious: 1
obvious: 2
what happens if the jugular veins are exposed to the environment
may create air embolism
signs of neurogenic shock
hypotension, slow HR, lack of diaphoresis
what is tracheal transection and its S/S
trachea separation from larynx
labored breathing, stridor, hoarseness, hemoptysis, structural irregularity
what can esophageal perforation result in
mediastinitis - inflammation of the mediastinum from leakage of gastric contents into thoracic cavity
S/S of esophageal perforation
dysphagia, hematemesis, hemoptysis (aspiration of blood)
