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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > CHP 34: FACE/NECK TRAUMA > Flashcards

CHP 34: FACE/NECK TRAUMA Flashcards

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1
Q

what three cranial nerves control ocular movement

A

3, 4, and 6 - oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

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2
Q

what cranial nerve is responsible for sense of vision

A

2 - optic nerve

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3
Q

how many teeth does adult have

A

32

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4
Q

what is the adam’s apple

A

thyroid cartilage

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5
Q

what is periorbital ecchymosis

A

raccoon eyes

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6
Q

what is retro auricular ecchymosis

A

battle sign

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7
Q

what is diplopia

A

double vision

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8
Q

what is hemianopsia

A

loss of one half of vertical visual field

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9
Q

what is the focus with face and neck injuries

A

protecting the airway

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10
Q

what injuries can also be present with maxilla fractures

A

traumatic brain injuries and cervical spine injuries

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11
Q

what is the first clue to presence of maxillofacial fracture

A

ecchymosis

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12
Q

what type of injury should you suspect with mandibular fractures

A

malocclusion - misalignment of teeth

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13
Q

what happens with temporomandibular joint dislocation

A

patient opens mouth widely, feels pop, and then can’t close their mouth - locked in wide-open position

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14
Q

what is Le Fort 1 fracture

A

horizontal fracture of maxilla and hard palate, separating them from skull

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15
Q

what is Le Fort 2 fracture

A

pyramid fracture involving nasal bone and maxilla

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16
Q

what is Le Fort 3 fracture

A

fracture of all midfacial pones separating entire midface from cranium

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17
Q

what is Le Fort 4 fracture

A

Le Fort 3 fracture with frontal bone fracture

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18
Q

S/S of Le Fort fractures

A

severe facial pain, paresthesia of upper lip, visual disturbances, swelling, hemorrhage, deformity of face

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19
Q

symptoms of orbital fracture

A

diplopia and loss of sensation above eyebrow or cheek

20
Q

what is enophthalmos traumaticus

A

eyeball retracts into space created when cavity is enlarged after orbital fracture

21
Q

what does stimulation of the oculocardiac reflex do

A

causes decreased heart rate by 20%

22
Q

what medication can stop nose bleeds

A

aerosoled alpha adrenergic agents

23
Q

what material can’t be flushed out of eyes

A

rust and metal

24
Q

what is hyphema

A

bleeding into anterior chamber of the eye that obscures vision

25
Q

what is an eight-ball hyphema

A

dark-colored clot that covers entire anterior chamber of eye (non-acute injury)

26
Q

when is retinal detachment most often seen

A

sports injuries, especially boxing

27
Q

what painless eye injury causes flashing lights, specks, or “floaters” in vision field

A

retinal detachment

28
Q

symptoms with central retinal artery occlusion

A

sudden, painless loss of vision in affected eye

29
Q

how will the eye appear after acid burn

A

white and opaque

30
Q

what is the most important symptom of an eye injury

A

visual loss that does not improve when the patient blinks

31
Q

what does double vision usually involve

A

trauma to extraocular muscles

32
Q

how many cardinal positions of gaze are there

A

six

33
Q

what is dysconjugate gaze

A

discoordination between movements of two eyes

34
Q

what is sympathetic eye movement

A

movement of both eyes in unison

35
Q

how to decrease intraocular pressure

A

elevate backboard 40 degrees and discourage coughing

36
Q

what is hemorrhagic otorrhea

A

blood drainage from ear

37
Q

what are the boundaries of zone 1 of the neck

A

area between cricoid cartilage and clavicles/sternum

38
Q

what are the boundaries of zone 2 of the neck

A

area between angle of mandible and cricoid cartilage

39
Q

what are the boundaries of zone 3 of the neck

A

area above angle of the mandible

40
Q

which neck zone has the association with highest mortality rate

A

1

41
Q

which neck zone is the most difficult to recognize and which zone has the most obvious injuries

A

not obvious: 1
obvious: 2

42
Q

what happens if the jugular veins are exposed to the environment

A

may create air embolism

43
Q

signs of neurogenic shock

A

hypotension, slow HR, lack of diaphoresis

44
Q

what is tracheal transection and its S/S

A

trachea separation from larynx

labored breathing, stridor, hoarseness, hemoptysis, structural irregularity

45
Q

what can esophageal perforation result in

A

mediastinitis - inflammation of the mediastinum from leakage of gastric contents into thoracic cavity

46
Q

S/S of esophageal perforation

A

dysphagia, hematemesis, hemoptysis (aspiration of blood)

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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