A&P CHAPTER 24: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
TWO MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ALIMENTARY CANAL AND ACESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS
ALIMENTARY CANAL
FROM MOUTH TO ANUS (ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, INTESTINES)
ACCESSORY ORGANS
SALIVARY GLANDS, LIVER, GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS
MUCOSA FUNCTIONS
SECRETE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES, HORMONES, MUCUS
ABSORB FINAL PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION INTO THE BLOOD
PROTECT AGAINST INFECTIONS
SUBMUCOSA FUNCTIONS
NOURISHES GI TRACT WALL TISSUES AND CARRIES AWAY ABSORBED MATERIALS
ELASTICITY ALLOWS STOMACH TO RETURN TO NORMAL SHAPE
MUSCULARIS EXTERNA
PRODUCES MOVEMENTS OF THE TUBE
SPHINCTERS ACT AS VALVES TO CONTROL PASSAGE OF FOOD AND PREVENT BACKFLOW
SEROSA
OUTERMOST LAYER
7 FUNCTIONS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INGESTION
PROPULSION
MECHANICAL BREAKDOWN
DIGESTION
SECRETION
ABSORPTION
DEFACATION
INGESTION
FOOD ENTERING DIGESTIVE TRACT FROM MOUTH
PROPULSION
MOVEMENT OF FOOD
VOLUNTARY: SWALLOWING
INVOLUNTARY: PERISTALSIS
MECHANICAL BREAKDOWN
MATERIALS ARE BROKEN INTO SMALLER FRAGMENTS THROUGH: ENZYMES, CHEWING, MIXING MOTIONS OF STOMACH
DIGESTION
CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF FOOD INTO PARTICLES SMALL ENOUGH TO BE ABSORBED BY EPITHELIUM
SECRETION
RELEASE OF SUBSTANCES BY EPITHELIUM
ABSORPTION
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS EPITHELIUM OF TRACT INTO INTERSTITIAL FLUID
DEFACATION
REMOVAL OF WASTE PRODUCTS
ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVE SUPPLY IN ALIMENTARY CANAL
ENTERIC NEURONS
SEMI-AUTONOMOUS
REGULATE DIGESTIVE ACTIVITIES
SHORT REFLEX ARCS
COMPLETELY UNDER ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM PLEXUS CONTROL
RESPOND TO GI TRACT STIMULI
CONTROL SEGMENTATION AND PERISTALSIS
LONG REFLEX ARCS
CONTROLLED BY CNS AND AUTONOMIC NERVES FROM GI TRACT STIMULI
HANDLES IMPULSES THAT AFFECT DIGESTION
PARASYMPATHETIC IMPULSES ____ DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY AND SYMPATHETIC IMPULSES ___ DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY
INCREASE
DECREASE
PAROTID GLANDS
LARGEST SALIVARY GLAND BETWEEN CHEEK AND MASSETER MUSCLE
SEROUS VS MUCOUS CELLS IN SALIVARY GLANDS
SEROUS: PRODUCE WATERY FLUID WITH DIGESTIVE ENZYME SALIVARY AMYLASE
MUCOUS: SECRETE THICK MUCUS THAT BINDS FOOD PARTICLES AND LUBRICATES THEM DURING SWALLOWING
COMPONENTS OF SALIVA THAT PROTECT MOUTH FROM MICROORGANISMS (3)
IGA ANTIBODIES
LYSOZYMES
DEFENSINS
MAIN CONTROLLER OF SALIVATION
PARAYMPATHETIC DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
WHERE ARE SALIVATORY NUCLEI LOCATED
PONS AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA
DRY MOUTH IS CALLED
XEROSTOMIA
BABY TEETH VS ADULT TEETH
BABY (PRIMARY): DECIDUOUS TEETH
ADULT (SECONDARY): PERMANENT TEETH
WHAT MAKES UP ENAMEL
CALCIUM SALTS
WHAT IS CHEWING CALLED
MASTICATION
WHAT IS SWALLOWING CALLED
DEGLUTITION
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
PRODUCED BY PARIETAL CELLS OF GASTRIC GLANDS
ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT TO CONVERT PEPSINOGEN TO PEPSIN
INTRINSIC FACTOR
PRODUCED BY PARIETAL CELLS OF GASTRIC GLANDS
AIDS IN ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN B12
MUCUS
PRODUCED BY MUCOUS CELLS
PROVIDES ALKALINE, VSCOUS PROTECTIVE LAYER ON INSIDE OF STOMACH WALLS
PEPSIN
FORMED FROM PEPSINOGEN IN PRESENT OF HCL
PROTEIN-SPLITTING ENZYME THAT DIGESTS PROTEIN
PEPSINOGEN
PRODUCED BY CHIEF CELLS OF GASTRIC GLANDS
INACTIVE FORM OF PEPSIN
GASTRIN
VITAL FOR REGULATING STOMACH SECRETION AND MOTILITY
INCREASES HCL SECRETION
STIMULATES CONTRACTION AND MASS MOVEMENTS IN INTESTINES
GASTRIC INHIBITORY PEPTIDE
INHIBITS HCL PRODUCTION
STIMULATED INSULIN RELEASE FROM BETA CELLS OF PANCREAS
MUCOSAL BARRIER
STOMACH’S SELF PROTECTION AGAINST ACIDIC GASTRIC JUICES
WHAT IS PRODUCED FROM DEGRADING FOODS
CHYME
ENTEROCYTES
ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS AND ELECTROLYTES WITHIN THE VILLI
GOBLET CELLS
SECRETE MUCUS WHEN STIMUALTED BY CHYME
ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS
PRODUCE SECRETIN AND CHOLECYSTOKININ
PANETH CELLS
RELEASE DEFENSINS, LYSOZYMES, AND OTHER ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
HEPATOCYTES
LIVER CELLS
ADJUST CIRCULATING LEVELS OF NUTRIENTS THROUGH SELECTIVE ABSORPTION/SECRETION
WHERE IS BILE PRODUCED
LIVER
WHAT DOES THE LIVER STORE
IRON, VITAMINS A/D/B12, AND GLYCOGEN
BILE
SECRETED FROM HEPATIC CELLS (LIVER) AND EMULSIFIES FATS
BILIRUBIN
PRIMARY BILE PIGMENT FROM BREAKDOWN OF RBC’S
SECRETIN HORMONE
STIMULATES PANCREAS TO SECRETE FLUID WITH HIGH BICARBONATE IONS
CHOLECYSTOKININ HORMONE
CAUSES GASTRIC GLANDS TO DECRETE SECRETIONS AND STOPS GASTRIC MOTILITY
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE
STIMULATES SECRETIONS OF INTESTINAL GLANDS
STOPS STOMACH ACID PRODUCTION
ENTEROCRININ HORMONE
STIMULATES MUCIN PRODUCTION
PANCREATIC AMYLASE DIGESTS ____
CARBS
PACREATIC LIPASE DIGEST ___
FATS
WHEN GASTRIC JUICE SECRETION IS STIMULATED, WHAT IS ALSO STIMULATED TO RELEASE SOMETHING
PANCREAS RELEASES DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
STOMACH PRODUCES ____ ION
PANCREAS PRODUCES ___ ION
HCL
BICARBONATE
