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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > A&P CHAPTER 24: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

A&P CHAPTER 24: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

TWO MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A

ALIMENTARY CANAL AND ACESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS

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2
Q

ALIMENTARY CANAL

A

FROM MOUTH TO ANUS (ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, INTESTINES)

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3
Q

ACCESSORY ORGANS

A

SALIVARY GLANDS, LIVER, GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS

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4
Q

MUCOSA FUNCTIONS

A

SECRETE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES, HORMONES, MUCUS
ABSORB FINAL PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION INTO THE BLOOD
PROTECT AGAINST INFECTIONS

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5
Q

SUBMUCOSA FUNCTIONS

A

NOURISHES GI TRACT WALL TISSUES AND CARRIES AWAY ABSORBED MATERIALS
ELASTICITY ALLOWS STOMACH TO RETURN TO NORMAL SHAPE

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6
Q

MUSCULARIS EXTERNA

A

PRODUCES MOVEMENTS OF THE TUBE
SPHINCTERS ACT AS VALVES TO CONTROL PASSAGE OF FOOD AND PREVENT BACKFLOW

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7
Q

SEROSA

A

OUTERMOST LAYER

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8
Q

7 FUNCTIONS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A

INGESTION
PROPULSION
MECHANICAL BREAKDOWN
DIGESTION
SECRETION
ABSORPTION
DEFACATION

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9
Q

INGESTION

A

FOOD ENTERING DIGESTIVE TRACT FROM MOUTH

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10
Q

PROPULSION

A

MOVEMENT OF FOOD
VOLUNTARY: SWALLOWING
INVOLUNTARY: PERISTALSIS

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11
Q

MECHANICAL BREAKDOWN

A

MATERIALS ARE BROKEN INTO SMALLER FRAGMENTS THROUGH: ENZYMES, CHEWING, MIXING MOTIONS OF STOMACH

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12
Q

DIGESTION

A

CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF FOOD INTO PARTICLES SMALL ENOUGH TO BE ABSORBED BY EPITHELIUM

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13
Q

SECRETION

A

RELEASE OF SUBSTANCES BY EPITHELIUM

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14
Q

ABSORPTION

A

MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS EPITHELIUM OF TRACT INTO INTERSTITIAL FLUID

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15
Q

DEFACATION

A

REMOVAL OF WASTE PRODUCTS

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16
Q

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

NERVE SUPPLY IN ALIMENTARY CANAL

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17
Q

ENTERIC NEURONS

A

SEMI-AUTONOMOUS
REGULATE DIGESTIVE ACTIVITIES

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18
Q

SHORT REFLEX ARCS

A

COMPLETELY UNDER ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM PLEXUS CONTROL
RESPOND TO GI TRACT STIMULI
CONTROL SEGMENTATION AND PERISTALSIS

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19
Q

LONG REFLEX ARCS

A

CONTROLLED BY CNS AND AUTONOMIC NERVES FROM GI TRACT STIMULI
HANDLES IMPULSES THAT AFFECT DIGESTION

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20
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC IMPULSES ____ DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY AND SYMPATHETIC IMPULSES ___ DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY

A

INCREASE
DECREASE

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21
Q

PAROTID GLANDS

A

LARGEST SALIVARY GLAND BETWEEN CHEEK AND MASSETER MUSCLE

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22
Q

SEROUS VS MUCOUS CELLS IN SALIVARY GLANDS

A

SEROUS: PRODUCE WATERY FLUID WITH DIGESTIVE ENZYME SALIVARY AMYLASE
MUCOUS: SECRETE THICK MUCUS THAT BINDS FOOD PARTICLES AND LUBRICATES THEM DURING SWALLOWING

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23
Q

COMPONENTS OF SALIVA THAT PROTECT MOUTH FROM MICROORGANISMS (3)

A

IGA ANTIBODIES
LYSOZYMES
DEFENSINS

24
Q

MAIN CONTROLLER OF SALIVATION

A

PARAYMPATHETIC DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

25
Q

WHERE ARE SALIVATORY NUCLEI LOCATED

A

PONS AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA

26
Q

DRY MOUTH IS CALLED

A

XEROSTOMIA

27
Q

BABY TEETH VS ADULT TEETH

A

BABY (PRIMARY): DECIDUOUS TEETH
ADULT (SECONDARY): PERMANENT TEETH

28
Q

WHAT MAKES UP ENAMEL

A

CALCIUM SALTS

29
Q

WHAT IS CHEWING CALLED

A

MASTICATION

30
Q

WHAT IS SWALLOWING CALLED

A

DEGLUTITION

31
Q

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

A

PRODUCED BY PARIETAL CELLS OF GASTRIC GLANDS
ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT TO CONVERT PEPSINOGEN TO PEPSIN

32
Q

INTRINSIC FACTOR

A

PRODUCED BY PARIETAL CELLS OF GASTRIC GLANDS
AIDS IN ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN B12

33
Q

MUCUS

A

PRODUCED BY MUCOUS CELLS
PROVIDES ALKALINE, VSCOUS PROTECTIVE LAYER ON INSIDE OF STOMACH WALLS

34
Q

PEPSIN

A

FORMED FROM PEPSINOGEN IN PRESENT OF HCL
PROTEIN-SPLITTING ENZYME THAT DIGESTS PROTEIN

35
Q

PEPSINOGEN

A

PRODUCED BY CHIEF CELLS OF GASTRIC GLANDS
INACTIVE FORM OF PEPSIN

36
Q

GASTRIN

A

VITAL FOR REGULATING STOMACH SECRETION AND MOTILITY
INCREASES HCL SECRETION
STIMULATES CONTRACTION AND MASS MOVEMENTS IN INTESTINES

37
Q

GASTRIC INHIBITORY PEPTIDE

A

INHIBITS HCL PRODUCTION
STIMULATED INSULIN RELEASE FROM BETA CELLS OF PANCREAS

38
Q

MUCOSAL BARRIER

A

STOMACH’S SELF PROTECTION AGAINST ACIDIC GASTRIC JUICES

39
Q

WHAT IS PRODUCED FROM DEGRADING FOODS

A

CHYME

40
Q

ENTEROCYTES

A

ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS AND ELECTROLYTES WITHIN THE VILLI

41
Q

GOBLET CELLS

A

SECRETE MUCUS WHEN STIMUALTED BY CHYME

42
Q

ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS

A

PRODUCE SECRETIN AND CHOLECYSTOKININ

43
Q

PANETH CELLS

A

RELEASE DEFENSINS, LYSOZYMES, AND OTHER ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

44
Q

HEPATOCYTES

A

LIVER CELLS
ADJUST CIRCULATING LEVELS OF NUTRIENTS THROUGH SELECTIVE ABSORPTION/SECRETION

45
Q

WHERE IS BILE PRODUCED

A

LIVER

46
Q

WHAT DOES THE LIVER STORE

A

IRON, VITAMINS A/D/B12, AND GLYCOGEN

47
Q

BILE

A

SECRETED FROM HEPATIC CELLS (LIVER) AND EMULSIFIES FATS

48
Q

BILIRUBIN

A

PRIMARY BILE PIGMENT FROM BREAKDOWN OF RBC’S

49
Q

SECRETIN HORMONE

A

STIMULATES PANCREAS TO SECRETE FLUID WITH HIGH BICARBONATE IONS

50
Q

CHOLECYSTOKININ HORMONE

A

CAUSES GASTRIC GLANDS TO DECRETE SECRETIONS AND STOPS GASTRIC MOTILITY

51
Q

VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE

A

STIMULATES SECRETIONS OF INTESTINAL GLANDS
STOPS STOMACH ACID PRODUCTION

52
Q

ENTEROCRININ HORMONE

A

STIMULATES MUCIN PRODUCTION

53
Q

PANCREATIC AMYLASE DIGESTS ____

A

CARBS

54
Q

PACREATIC LIPASE DIGEST ___

A

FATS

55
Q

WHEN GASTRIC JUICE SECRETION IS STIMULATED, WHAT IS ALSO STIMULATED TO RELEASE SOMETHING

A

PANCREAS RELEASES DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

56
Q

STOMACH PRODUCES ____ ION
PANCREAS PRODUCES ___ ION

A

HCL
BICARBONATE

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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