BLOCK 3: HAZMAT Flashcards by Taylor O'Connell

OSHA document describing hazmat response competencies is called what

HAZWOPER

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what is the EPA’s parallel to HAZWOPER

40 CFR 311

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who decides how much hazmat response training will be required by EMS responders

AHJ - authority having jurisdiction

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levels of hazmat training

awareness: recognize hazmat, isolate, call for assistance
operations: defensive, not direct contact
technician: directly involved
specialist: experts in handling specific substances

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how paramedics protect themselves and others at hazmat scene

RAIN - recognize, avoid, isolate, notify

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DOT class 1

explosives

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DOT class 2

gases

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DOT class 3

flammable/combustible liquids

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DOT class 4

flammable solids, spontaneously combustible, water-reactive substances

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DOT class 5

oxidizing materials or organic peroxides

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DOT class 6

toxic and infectious substances

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DOT class 7

radioactive materials

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DOT class 8

corrosive materials

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DOT class 9

misc. hazmat products

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nine DOT chemical families acronym

Every (Explosives)
Girl (Gases)
Loves (flammable Liquids)
Some (flammable Solids)
Oral (Oxiziding)
Tongue (Toxic)
Right? (Radioactive)
C’ (Corrosive)
Mon (Miscellaneous)

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what is yellow section of ERG for

to look up chemical by ID number

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what is blue section of ERG for

look up chemical by alphabetical name

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what is the white section of the ERG for

identify shape of vehicle for general information

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what is the green section of the ERG for

evacuation and protective action distance

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placard vs label

placard: 10.8 inches each side, for transportation carriers, identifies hazard class and 4-digit chemical ID number

label: 3.9 inches on each side, for smaller boxes, only labels potential hazard inside

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bill of lading or freight bill

roadway transport

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waybill or consist

rail transport

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air bill

air transport

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dangerous cargo manifest

water transport

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what organization has a telephone line to assist responders with chemical info

CHEMTREC

NFPA 704 placards

red=fire blue=health hazard yellow=reactivity white=special info scale of 0 (no hazard) to 4 (severe risk)

what do permanent manufacturing or storage facilities contain to provide in-depth info about hazmat

safety data sheet (SDS)

bulk vs nonbulk storage containers

bulk: fixed tanks, cargo, railcars nonbulk: anything not bulk, drums, cylinders

what is secondary containment

engineered method to control spilled or released product if main containment vessel fails

what is an intermodal tank

both a shipping and storage vessel

storage drums

barrel-like, can hold anything depending on barrel material

storage bags

store solids and powders

signal words to indicate relative toxicity of material danger-poison: danger: warning: caution:

danger-poison: highly toxic all routes of entry danger: severe eye damage/skin irritation warning: moderately toxic caution: minor toxicity/eye damage/skin irritation

storage carboys

transport corrosives in glass surrounded by wood

storage cylinders

hold liquids and gases

3 zones on a hazmat scene

hot: contamination zone for properly trained rescuers warm: decon cold: another buffer zone "clean" for medics

difference between evac, rescue, and shelter in place

evacuation: removing/relocating people who may be affected rescue: removing/relocating people already affected shelter-in-place: keeping people inside

different levels of hazmat ensembles

Level A: fully encapsulating and SCBA (direct responders) Level B: level B - for respiratory not skin protection, not fully-encapsulating but air supply (decon) Level C: for known substance, minimal splash protection and air purifying respirator (receivers of exposed patients and officers providing perimeter control) level D: dust mask (cold zone)

how harm caused by a hazmat is affected (4)

route of exposure dose and concentration how long toxin was in contact with body if it exhibits delayed or acute toxicity

primary vs secondary contamination

primary: direct exposure of patient to hazmat secondary: hazmat transferred person to person or object to person

4 primary methods of exposure

inhalation, ingestion, injection, absorption

local vs systemic effect of exposure

local: localized (redness, pain, blisters) systemic: damage occuring inside body

what is the dose effect principle

the greater the length of time or the greater the concentration of the material, the greater the effect on the human body will probably be

will liquids with high vapor pressure evaporate slower or quicker than liquids with low vapor pressure

quicker

what is vapor pressure

liquids held inside a closed container will build pressure in the inner space above the liquid

what 5 things affect evaporation rate

temperature of air and pavement, wind speed, shade, humidity, surface area

what is vapor density

compares hazmat gas to air

what is air's vapor density

examples of gases heavier than air

propane, butane, carbon dioxide

examples of gases lighter than air

ammonia, acetylene, methane, hydrogen

what is flash point

temperature at which a liquid fuel giving off vapors will ignite if an ignition source is present

flash point of gasoline vs diesel

gasoline: NEGATIVE 45 degrees diesel: 100-160 degrees

liquids with low flash point have ___ vapor pressures

high

what is ignition temperature

when a liquid fuel is heated beyond its ignition temp, it will ignite without external ignition source

what is a flammable range and what are the two limits

fuel-air mixture necessary for chemical to burn properly must be within lower and upper flammable limit

what is specific gravity of a chemical

whether it will sink or float in water

threshold limit value

aka: permissible exposure limit concentration of toxin a person can be exposed to for a 40 hour work week

short-term exposure limit

concentration of a toxin to which a person can be briefly exposed for a max of 15mins four times a day

lethal dose

single dose of toxin likely to be fatal

lethal concentration

concentration of a toxin likely to be fatal

immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)

atmospheric concentration of toxin posing immediate danger

4 types of decontamination methods in the field

dilution, absorption, neutralization, disposal

type of decon method using fluid to flush skin and eyes

dilution

type of decon method using large pads to soak up liquid

absorption

type of decon method using chemical to neutralize other chemical

neutralization

which decon methods is almost always contraindicated and why

neutralization because the by-profduct reaction of acid-base produces heat

type of decon method where you remove as much of patient's clothing as possible

disposal

what is considered the universal decontamination solution

water from whatever source is available

where does the triage process take place in mass decontamination

after the decontamination corridor

corrosives and their symptoms

acidic and basic chemicals severe burns/irritation to skin, eyes, mucous membranes skin reddening and blistering

solvents and their symptoms

substance that can dissolve another substance symptoms: pulmonary edema, cardiac dysrhythmias, seizures, vomiting if ingested

what do pesticides interfere with in body

enzyme acetylcholinesterase

asphyxiants and their symptoms

any gas that displaces oxygen from atmosphere symptoms: interferes with use of oxygen at cellular level

what is toxic products of combustion

hazardous chemical compounds released when a material decomposes under heat

what determines length of warm zone

length of decontamination corridor