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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > A&P CHAPTER 7: BONE TISSUES AND THE SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

A&P CHAPTER 7: BONE TISSUES AND THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT MAKES UP THE AXIAL SKELETON

A

SKULL, VERTEBRAL COLUMN, THORACIC CAGE

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2
Q

WHAT MAKES UP APPENDICULAR SKELETON

A

UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS AND THE GIRDLES (SHOULDER AND HIP)

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3
Q

FLAT BONES

A

PLATES WITH BROAD SURFACES (RIBS/STERNUM)

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4
Q

IRREGULAR BONES

A

COMPLEX SHAPES (FACIAL BONES/VERTEBRAE)

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5
Q

SHORT BONES

A

SMALL CUBE-SHAPED (WRIST/ANKLE BONES)

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6
Q

LONG BONES

A

BONE SHAFTS MUCH LONGER THAN THEY ARE WIDE (FINGER BONES/FEMUR)

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7
Q

SUTURAL BONES

A

SMALL BONES BETWEEN THE FLAT BONES OF THE SKULL

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8
Q

SESAMOID BONES

A

SMALL, FLAT BONES RESEMBLING SESAME SEDS (PATELLA)

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9
Q

EXTERNAL LAYER OF THE BONE

A

COMPACT BONE

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10
Q

WHERE IS RED AND YELLOW BONE MARROW FOUND

A

OPEN SPACES BETWEEN TRABECULAE

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11
Q

DIPLOE

A

SPONGY BONE IN FLAT BONES

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12
Q

DIAPHYSIS

A

SHAFT OF THE BONE

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13
Q

STRUCTURES OF A LONG BONE

A

SHAFT, BONE ENDS, MEMBRANES

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14
Q

WHAT DOES THE MEDULLARY CAVITY CONTAIN

A

YELLOW MARROW

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15
Q

EIPIPHYSES

A

ENDS OF THE BONE

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16
Q

EPIPHYSEAL LINE

A

BETWEEN THE SHAFT AND BONE ENDS

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17
Q

PERIOSTEUM

A

COVERS THE SURFACE OF THE BONE
MEMBRANE FILLED WITH BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVE FIBERS

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18
Q

OSTEOGENIC CELLS

A

STEM CELLS THAT FORM ALL BONE CELLS

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19
Q

ENDOSTEUM

A

COVERS INTERNAL BONE SURFACES

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20
Q

WHERE IS RED MARROW FOUND

A

IN TRABECULAR CAVITIES OF SPONGY BONE (LONG BONES)
IN DIPLOE (FLAT BONES)

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21
Q

OSTEOGENIC CELLS

A

ACTIVE CELLS THAT BECOME BONE CELLS

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22
Q

OSTEOBLASTS

A

PRODUCE BONE MATRIX

23
Q

OSTEOCYTES

A

MATURE OSTEOBLASTS THAT EMBED INTO THE BONE

24
Q

BONE LINING CELLS

A

HELP MAINTAIN BONE MATRIX

25
Q

OSTEOCLASTS

A

RELEASE ENZYMEMS FOR BONE RESORPTION AFTER FRACTURES/BONE HEALING

26
Q

OSSIFICATION

A

REPLACING OTHER TISSUES WITH BONE

27
Q

FUNCTIONS OF BONES

A

HEMOPOIESES: BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION IN EMBRYO
MOVEMENT
SUPPORT/PROTECTION
STORAGE OF MINERALS
FAT STORAGE
HORMONE PRODUCTION

28
Q

WHAT MINERALS DOES BONE STORE

A

PHOSPHORUS AND CALCIUM

29
Q

WHAT HORMONE DO BONES PRODUCE

A

OSTEOCALCIN

30
Q

WHAT DOES OSTEOCALCIN HORMONE DO

A

REGULATES BONE FORMATION AND PROTECTS AGAINST GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE

31
Q

BONE HOMEOSTASIS

A

SELF REPAIR OF THE BONES

32
Q

HOW ARE BONE FRACTURES CLASSIFIED

A

POSITIONING
COMPLETENESS OF FRACTURE
PENETRATION OF THE SKIN BY BONES

33
Q

NONDISPLACED FRACTURE

A

BONE ENDS REMAIN IN NORMAL POSITION

34
Q

DISPLACED FRACTURE

A

BONES ARE OUT OF NORMAL ALIGNMENT

35
Q

COMPLETE FRACTURE

A

BONE IS BROKEN COMPLETELY THROUGH

36
Q

INCOMPLETE FRACTURE

A

BONE IS NOT BROKEN COMPLETELY THROUGH

37
Q

OPEN/COMPOUND FRACTURE

A

BONE PENETRATES THE SKIN

38
Q

CLOSED/SIMPLE FRACTURE

A

BONE IS NOT PENETRATING SKIN

39
Q

COMMINUTED FRACTURE

A

BONE FRAGMENTED INTO 3+ PIECES (COMMON IN ELDERLY)

40
Q

COMPRESSION FRACTURE

A

BONE HAS BEEN CRUSHED (COMMON IN POROUS BONES/VERTEBRAE)

41
Q

GREENSTICK FRACTURE

A

BONE BREAKS INCOMPLETELY, ONE SIDE OF SHAFT BREAKS AND OTHER SIDE BENDS (COMMON IN KIDS DUE TO MORE FLEXIBLE BONES)

42
Q

SPIRAL FRACTURE

A

EXCESSIVE TWISTING FORCES, RAGGED BONE BREAK (COMMON IN SPORTS)

43
Q

PRIMARY HORMONE CONTROLLER IN REMODELING

A

PARATHYROID HORMONE

44
Q

WOLFF’S LAW

A

BONE GROW OR REMODEL IN RESPONSE TO DEMANDS PLACED ON THEM

45
Q

RICKETS

A

DISEASE IN CHILDREN
CAUSES BOWING OF THE LEGS AND DEFORMITIES OF PELVIS, RIBS, AND SKULL
EPIPHYSEAL PLATES DONT CALCIFY AND WIDEN CONTINUOSLY
DUE TO LACK OF CALCIUM/VITAMIN D

46
Q

OSTEOMALACIA

A

POOR BONE MINERALIZATION (CALCIUM SALTS)
BONES BECOME SOFT AND WEAK
PAIN WITH WEIGHT BEARING ON AFFECTED BONE, WEAKNESS, IMOBILITY

47
Q

OSTEOPOROSIS

A

BONE RESPORTION IS QUICKER THAN BONE DEPOSITION
BONES BECOME EXTREMELY FRAGILE AND POROUS

48
Q

DEPRESSED FRACTURE

A

BROKEN BONE PORTION IS PRESSSED INWARD (USUALLY SKULL)

49
Q

EPIPHYSEAL FRACTURE

A

EPIPHYSIS SEPARATE FROM THE DIAPHYSIS ALONG THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE (GROWTH PLATE)

50
Q

WHAT IS A FRACTURE

A

AMOUNT OF FORCE/ENERGY OVERCOMES THE ABILITY OF THE BONE TO WITHSTAND IT

51
Q

VERTEBRAE SECTIONS/AMOUNTS

A

CERVICAL (7)
THORACIC (12)
LUMBAR (5)
SACRUM (5 FUSED)
COCCYX

52
Q

ATLAS

A

FIRST VERTEBRAE THAT SUPPORTS HEAD

53
Q

AXIS

A

SECOND VERTEBRAE THAT PROJECTS (DENS PROCESS) UP INTO THE ATLAS

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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