A&P CHAPTER 9: MUSCLE TISSUE Flashcards
3 TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE
SKELETAL, CARDIAC, SMOOTH
WHAT TYPE OF MUSCLE IS SKELETAL
VOLUNTARY
CARDIAC MUSCLE IS CONTROLLED BY WHAT
HEART’S PACEMAKER
WHAT TYPE OF MUSCLE IS SMOOTH
INVOLUNTARY
4 CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE
EXCITABILITY, CONTRACTILITY, EXTENSIBILITY, ELASTICITY
EXCITABILITY
CELLS’ ABILITY TO RECEIVE AND RESPOND TO STIMULI
CONTRACTILITY
ABILITY OF MUSCLE TISSUES TO FOCIBLY BECOME SHORTER
EXTENSIBILITY
ABILITY OF MUSCLE TISSUE TO STRETCH OR EXTEND
ELASTICITY
ABILITY OF MUSCLE TO RECOIL AFTER STRETCHING
SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER
SINGLE CELL THAT CAN RAPIDLY CONTRACT IN RESPONSE TO STIMULATION AND RELAXES WHEN STIMULATION STOPS
WHAT MAKES UP A MUSCLE FIBER
MYOFIBRILS
WHAT TWO THINGS MAKE UP MYOFILAMENTS
MYOSIN AND ACTIN, ORGANIZED IN STRIATIONS
THE SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY
SARCOMERES SHORTEN AND THICK/THIN FILAMENTS SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE SARCOMERE
WHAT NEUROTRANSMITTER STIMULATES SKELETAL MUSCLE TO CONTRACT
ACETYLCHOLINE
WHAT CAUSES MUSCLE RELAXATION
ACETYLCHOLINE BEING DECOMPOSED BY ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
THREE STAGES OF ACTION POTENTIAL
END PLATE POTENTIAL GENERATION
DEPOLARIZATION
REPOLARIZATION
WHAT HAPPENS DURING END PLATE POTENTIAL GENERATION
ACETYLCHOLINE BINDS TO RECEPTORS WHICH OPENS GATES FOR SODIUM IONS
MAKES SARCOLEMMA LESS NEGATIVE
MORE SODIUM IS GAINED THAN POTASSIUM LOST
WHAT HAPPENS DURING DEPOLARIZATION
SODIUM ENTERING REACHING THRESHOLD AND ACTION POTENTIAL IS INITIATED
WHAT HAPPENS DURING REPOLARIZATION
SODIUM CHANNELS CLOSE AND POTASSIUM CHANNELS OPEN
SARCOLEMMA RESTORED TO ITS POLARIZED STATE
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
CONNECTION BETWEEN MOTOR NEURON AND MUSCLE FIBER
TWO TYPES OF MUSCLE TWITCHES
FATIGUE-RESISTANT SLOW TWITCH
FATIGUEABLE FAST TWITCH
TETANIC CONTRACTIONS
SUSTAINED CONTRACTIONS WITH NO RELAXATION AT ALL
ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS
THE LENGTH OF THE MUSCLE CHANGES AND A LOAD IS MOVED
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS
MUSCLE DOES NOT SHORTEN OR LENGTHEN, BUILDS TENSIO (MOVING A LOAD THAT IS GREATER THAN MUSCLE CAN HANDLE)
CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION
TYPE OF ISOTONIC CONTRACTION
MUSCLE SHORTENS TO PERFORM WORK
ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION
TYPE OF ISOTONIC CONTRACTION
MUSCLE CREATES FORCE AS IT LENGTHENS
CREATINE PHOSPHATE
EXCESS ENERGY STORED IN THE MUSCLES TO BE USED TO MAKE MORE ATP
MORE OF THIS IS STORED IN MUSCLES THAN ATP
LOW TO MODERATE INTENSITY WORKOUT:
PATHWAY NEEDED
PRODUCTION OF ATP
RESULT
GLYCOLYSIS WHICH LEADS TO FORMATION OF PYRUVIC ACID AND AEROBIC RESPIRATION
36 ATP PER GLUCOSE
EXHALATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
HIGH INTENSITY WORKOUT:
PATHWAY NEEDED
PRODUCTION OF ATP
RESULT
GLYCOLYSIS WHICH LEADS TO FORMATION OF LACTIC ACID
2 ATP PER GLUCOSE
ACCUMULATION OF LACTIC ACID
WHAT IS USUALLY THE CAUSE OF MUSCLE FATIGUE
LACTIC ACID ACCUMULATION
MOST COMMON TYPE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE
VISCERAL SMOOTH MUSCLE
VISCERAL SMOOTH MUSCLE
WALLS OF ALL HOLLOW ORGANS EXCEPT HEART
RHYTHMIC PATTERNS OF SPONTANEOUS ACTION POTENTIALS
DOES NOT USE RECRUITMENT
MULTIUNIT SMOOTH MUSCLE
LARGE LUNG AIRWAYS, LARGE ARTERIES
FIBERS ARE INDEPENDENT OF EACH OTHER
USES RECRUITMENT
WHAT DOES EPIMYSIUM DO
SURROUND SKELETAL MUSCLES
WHICH CONTRACTION IS 50% STRONGER THAN THE OTHER WHEN SAME LOAD IS MOVED
ECCENTRIC IS 50% STRONGER THAN CONCENTRIC
