CHP 22: GU AND RENAL EMERGENCIES

Question 1

most common acute renal disease

Answer 1

nephrolithiasis

Question 2

what is nephrolithiasis

Answer 2

kidney stones or renal calculi

Question 3

what filters the blood and produces urine

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

what transports urine from kidneys to the bladder

Answer 4

ureters

Question 5

what is the route by which urine leaves the bladder

Answer 5

urethra

Question 6

what are the structural and functional units of the kidney that form urine

Answer 6

nephrons

Question 7

what is uremia

Answer 7

excessive amounts of urea and other waste products in the blood

Question 8

what type of pain is most commonly associated with urologic conditions

Answer 8

visceral (deep) pain

Question 9

what is pyelonephritis

Answer 9

inflammation of the kidney linings

Question 10

what is incomplete emptying of the bladder or a complete inability to empty the bladder

Answer 10

urinary retention

Question 11

urge incontinence vs overflow incontinence

Answer 11

urge incontinence: sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by urination

overflow incontinence: constant, continual slow flow of urine

Question 12

where do kidney stones originate

Answer 12

renal pelvis

Question 13

2 most common types of kidney stones

Answer 13

calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate

Question 14

what medical history is common with struvite kidney stones

Answer 14

chronic UTIs

Question 15

what type of medical history is common with uric acid stones

Answer 15

gout

Question 16

what is acute kidney injury

Answer 16

sudden decrease in rate of filtration through glomeruli, causing toxins to accumulate in the blood

Question 17

what is oliguria

Answer 17

urine output of less than 500mL/d in adult

Question 18

what is anuria

Answer 18

complete cessation of urine production

Question 19

3 types of acute kidney injury and their S/S

Answer 19

prerenal - hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness, thirst

intrarenal - flank/joint pain, oliguria, hypertension, headache, confusion, seizure

postrenal - pain in lower flank, abdomen, and groin, oliguria, distended bladder, hematuria, peripheral edema

Question 20

what causes prerenal acute kidney injury

Answer 20

hypoperfusion of the kidneys

Question 21

what causes intrarenal acute kidney injury

Answer 21

damage to the glomeruli/blood vessels, kidney tubules, or renal parenchyma

Question 22

what two medical conditions can cause intrarenal acute kidney injury

Answer 22

type 1 diabetes and rhabdomyolysis

Question 23

what causes postrenal acute kidney injury

Answer 23

obstruction of urine flow from the kidneys

Question 24

what is azotemia

Answer 24

increased level of nitrogenous wastes in the blood

Question 25

two common symptoms of patients who have missed dialysis treatments

Answer 25

signs of volume overload: shortness of breath and peripheral edema

Question 26

two types of dialysis

Answer 26

peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis