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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > CHP 22: GU AND RENAL EMERGENCIES > Flashcards

CHP 22: GU AND RENAL EMERGENCIES Flashcards

1
Q

most common acute renal disease

A

nephrolithiasis

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2
Q

what is nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones or renal calculi

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3
Q

what filters the blood and produces urine

A

kidneys

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4
Q

what transports urine from kidneys to the bladder

A

ureters

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5
Q

what is the route by which urine leaves the bladder

A

urethra

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6
Q

what are the structural and functional units of the kidney that form urine

A

nephrons

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7
Q

what is uremia

A

excessive amounts of urea and other waste products in the blood

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8
Q

what type of pain is most commonly associated with urologic conditions

A

visceral (deep) pain

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9
Q

what is pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney linings

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10
Q

what is incomplete emptying of the bladder or a complete inability to empty the bladder

A

urinary retention

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11
Q

urge incontinence vs overflow incontinence

A

urge incontinence: sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by urination

overflow incontinence: constant, continual slow flow of urine

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12
Q

where do kidney stones originate

A

renal pelvis

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13
Q

2 most common types of kidney stones

A

calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate

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14
Q

what medical history is common with struvite kidney stones

A

chronic UTIs

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15
Q

what type of medical history is common with uric acid stones

A

gout

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16
Q

what is acute kidney injury

A

sudden decrease in rate of filtration through glomeruli, causing toxins to accumulate in the blood

17
Q

what is oliguria

A

urine output of less than 500mL/d in adult

18
Q

what is anuria

A

complete cessation of urine production

19
Q

3 types of acute kidney injury and their S/S

A

prerenal - hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness, thirst

intrarenal - flank/joint pain, oliguria, hypertension, headache, confusion, seizure

postrenal - pain in lower flank, abdomen, and groin, oliguria, distended bladder, hematuria, peripheral edema

20
Q

what causes prerenal acute kidney injury

A

hypoperfusion of the kidneys

21
Q

what causes intrarenal acute kidney injury

A

damage to the glomeruli/blood vessels, kidney tubules, or renal parenchyma

22
Q

what two medical conditions can cause intrarenal acute kidney injury

A

type 1 diabetes and rhabdomyolysis

23
Q

what causes postrenal acute kidney injury

A

obstruction of urine flow from the kidneys

24
Q

what is azotemia

A

increased level of nitrogenous wastes in the blood

25
Q

two common symptoms of patients who have missed dialysis treatments

A

signs of volume overload: shortness of breath and peripheral edema

26
Q

two types of dialysis

A

peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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