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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > CHP 28: TOXICOLOGY > Flashcards

CHP 28: TOXICOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

poison vs drug vs toxin

A

poison: could damage structures or impair function

drug: has therapeutic effect if given in appropriate circumstance and dose

toxin: poison or harmful substance produced by bacteria, animals, or plants

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2
Q

what is bioavailability

A

percentage of unchanged substance present in systemic circulation

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3
Q

what is half-life

A

amount of time needed for average person to metabolize/eliminate 50% of substance in plasma

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4
Q

two categories of toxicologic emergencies

A

intentional and unintentional

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5
Q

what substances are most common source of poisoning

A

analgesic substances

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6
Q

Poison Control Center hotline

A

1-800-222-1222

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7
Q

four methods of substance entry

A

ingestion, inhalation, injection, absorption

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8
Q

what is chemical suicide also called and what is it

A

detergent suicide

mixing household chemicals in enclosed space to create toxic gases

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9
Q

what two poisonings can cause falsely high pulse ox readings

A

carbon monoxide and cyanide

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10
Q

what is speedballing

A

simultaneous use of heroin and cocaine

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11
Q

what is a toxidrome

A

syndromelike symptoms associated with class or group of similar poisonous agents

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12
Q

opioid toxidrome S/S

A

pinpoint pupils and AMS
decreased RR, HR, BP, and LOC

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13
Q

sympathomimetic toxidrome S/S

A

diaphoresis, dilated pupils, agitation, and seizures
high BP, HR, RR, temp

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14
Q

sedative-hypnotic toxidrome S/S

A

drowsiness, ataxia, slurred speech, confusion, CNS depression
decreased RR

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15
Q

cholinergic toxidrome S/S

A

DUMBELS - diarrhea, urination, constricted pupils, muscle weakness, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, seizures, salivation, and sweating

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16
Q

anticholinergic toxidrome S/S

A

flushed, dry skin, AMS, blindness, and urinary retention
high BP, HR, and temp

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17
Q

serotonin toxidrome S/S

A

agitation, ataxia, diaphoresis, diarrhea, AMS, shivering, tremor
increased HR and temp

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18
Q

causative agent that smells like bitter almonds

A

cyanide

19
Q

causative agent that smells like garlic

A

arsenic, organophosphates

20
Q

causative agent that smells like acetone

A

alcohols

21
Q

causative agent that smells like wintergreen

A

methyl salicylate

22
Q

causative agent that smells like pears

A

chloral hydrate

23
Q

causative agent that smells like violets

A

turpentine

24
Q

causative agent that smells like camphor

A

camphor

25
Q

what is habituation

A

dependence on drug

26
Q

what is drug misuse

A

causes harm to user or other

27
Q

what is physical dependence

A

adaptation to drug caused by chronic use (tolerance and withdrawal)

28
Q

what is psychological dependence

A

emotional state of craving

29
Q

what is tolerance

A

physiologic adaptation to effects of drug

30
Q

what is drug addiction

A

use of substance even though it causes harm to user

31
Q

what is antagonist

A

blocks ability of given chemical to bind to its receptor

32
Q

what is potentiation

A

enhancement of effect of one drug by another drug

33
Q

what is synergism

A

two substances’ effects are greater than the sum of the two individually

34
Q

what form of alcohol is in alcoholic beverages

A

ethyl alcohol or ethanol

35
Q

what is alcohol use disorder

A

medical condition with physical and psychological addiction to ethanol

36
Q

how does alcohol affect brain

A

depresses frontal lobe’s decision making process or inhibitions

37
Q

minor alcohol withdrawal symptoms vs significant withdrawal

A

minor: restlessness, anxiety, agitation, tremors
significant: high BP and HR, vomiting, hallucinations, delirium tremens

38
Q

how are esophageal varices formed

A

blood flow to liver is blocked and blood backs up into smaller vesssels in esophagus

39
Q

at what BAC can death from alcohol intoxication occur

A

0.40%

40
Q

what syndrome can manifest from thiamine deficiency in alcoholics

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

41
Q

what is cocaine washout syndrome

A

hypoactive state related to lack of snaptic neurotransmitters

42
Q

what electrolyte does cocaine affect and how does it affect heart

A

sodium channel-blocker - widened QRS or prolonged QT

43
Q
A

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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