CHP 20: EENT EMERGENCIES Flashcards
which cranial nerve provides sense of vision
2 - optic
what is diabetic retinopathy
common complication of diabetes - small blood vessels in retina bleed into vitreous producing dark, floating spots or cobwebs in vision
what can ocular pressure do
stimulate vagus nerve leading to vagal response in pt
what does vision loss that does not improve with blinking indicate
damage to globe or optic nerve
what does double vision indicate
trauma to extraocular muscles, fractured orbit
what three tests should be performed when accessing ocular function
visual acuity (large and small letters), peripheral vision, ocular motility (have pt follow finger)
what is dysconjugate gaze
discoordination between movements of two eyes
damage to what nerve would render eyes unable to produce tears
7 - facial nerve
what two medications do medics have for eyes
proparacaine and tetracaine
what is anisocoria and what is it indicative of
pupils are not equal in size - ocular injuries or closed head trauma
what surgery can cause anisocoria
unilateral cataract surgery
only indication for removing contact lenses and why
chemical burn of the eye - contact may trap offending chemical, making irrigation difficult and worsening injury
common name of conjunctivitis and what it is
“pink eye” - conjunctiva becomes inflamed and red from viral/bacterial infection, allergies, chemicals, or foreign bodies
what is a chalazion and what causes it
small, painless lump or pustule on external eyelid that appears red and swollen - forms from blockage and swelling of an oil gland in the eyelid
what is a hordeolum and what causes it
red, swollen, painful lump in eyelid or lid margin - infection of oil gland in eyelid
what is an external hordeolum commonly called
stye
treatment for inflammation of eyelid
warm compress to soften hardened oil block
what is the aqueous humor and what does it do
clear, watery fluid that fills eye’s anterior chamber - maintains intraocular pressure, provides nutrients to eye, helps bend light
where does the aqueous humor drain
canal of Schlemm
most common form of glaucoma and what causes it
open-angle - aqueous humor drains too slowly and intraocular pressure builds up, damaging optic nerve
normal-tension glaucoma and how it occurs
optic nerve is damaged and vision changes occur
narrow-angle glaucoma and how it occurs
access to drainage channel is narrowed preventing proper drainage of aqueous humor, pressure builds in posterior eye chamber, pushing lens forward, pushes iris into drainage channel, blocking it
S/S of narrow-angle glaucoma attack
severe eye pain, headache, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, cloudy cornea, blurred vision, halos around lights, irregular pupillary margins
ophthalmoscope vs otoscope
ophthalmoscope: eye
otoscope: ear canal
cause and S/S of central retinal artery occlusion
blood supply to retina becomes blocked from clot or embolus - sudden painless loss of vision in one eye
what is central retinal artery occlusion associated with
apnea
cause and S/S of iritis
inflammation of the iris from autoimmune disease, IBS, Crohn disease - red area surrounding the iris, cloudy vision, unusually shaped pupil
cause of papilledema and S/S
swelling or inflammation of optic nerve at rear part of eye from ICP - “graying” in field of vision, headaches, nausea, vomiting, temporary vision loss, narrowing vision fields