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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > CHP 20: EENT EMERGENCIES > Flashcards

CHP 20: EENT EMERGENCIES Flashcards

1
Q

which cranial nerve provides sense of vision

A

2 - optic

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2
Q

what is diabetic retinopathy

A

common complication of diabetes - small blood vessels in retina bleed into vitreous producing dark, floating spots or cobwebs in vision

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3
Q

what can ocular pressure do

A

stimulate vagus nerve leading to vagal response in pt

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4
Q

what does vision loss that does not improve with blinking indicate

A

damage to globe or optic nerve

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5
Q

what does double vision indicate

A

trauma to extraocular muscles, fractured orbit

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6
Q

what three tests should be performed when accessing ocular function

A

visual acuity (large and small letters), peripheral vision, ocular motility (have pt follow finger)

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7
Q

what is dysconjugate gaze

A

discoordination between movements of two eyes

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8
Q

damage to what nerve would render eyes unable to produce tears

A

7 - facial nerve

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9
Q

what two medications do medics have for eyes

A

proparacaine and tetracaine

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10
Q

what is anisocoria and what is it indicative of

A

pupils are not equal in size - ocular injuries or closed head trauma

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11
Q

what surgery can cause anisocoria

A

unilateral cataract surgery

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12
Q

only indication for removing contact lenses and why

A

chemical burn of the eye - contact may trap offending chemical, making irrigation difficult and worsening injury

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13
Q

common name of conjunctivitis and what it is

A

“pink eye” - conjunctiva becomes inflamed and red from viral/bacterial infection, allergies, chemicals, or foreign bodies

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14
Q

what is a chalazion and what causes it

A

small, painless lump or pustule on external eyelid that appears red and swollen - forms from blockage and swelling of an oil gland in the eyelid

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15
Q

what is a hordeolum and what causes it

A

red, swollen, painful lump in eyelid or lid margin - infection of oil gland in eyelid

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16
Q

what is an external hordeolum commonly called

A

stye

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17
Q

treatment for inflammation of eyelid

A

warm compress to soften hardened oil block

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18
Q

what is the aqueous humor and what does it do

A

clear, watery fluid that fills eye’s anterior chamber - maintains intraocular pressure, provides nutrients to eye, helps bend light

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19
Q

where does the aqueous humor drain

A

canal of Schlemm

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20
Q

most common form of glaucoma and what causes it

A

open-angle - aqueous humor drains too slowly and intraocular pressure builds up, damaging optic nerve

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21
Q

normal-tension glaucoma and how it occurs

A

optic nerve is damaged and vision changes occur

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22
Q

narrow-angle glaucoma and how it occurs

A

access to drainage channel is narrowed preventing proper drainage of aqueous humor, pressure builds in posterior eye chamber, pushing lens forward, pushes iris into drainage channel, blocking it

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23
Q

S/S of narrow-angle glaucoma attack

A

severe eye pain, headache, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, cloudy cornea, blurred vision, halos around lights, irregular pupillary margins

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24
Q

ophthalmoscope vs otoscope

A

ophthalmoscope: eye
otoscope: ear canal

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25
Q

cause and S/S of central retinal artery occlusion

A

blood supply to retina becomes blocked from clot or embolus - sudden painless loss of vision in one eye

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26
Q

what is central retinal artery occlusion associated with

A

apnea

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27
Q

cause and S/S of iritis

A

inflammation of the iris from autoimmune disease, IBS, Crohn disease - red area surrounding the iris, cloudy vision, unusually shaped pupil

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28
Q

cause of papilledema and S/S

A

swelling or inflammation of optic nerve at rear part of eye from ICP - “graying” in field of vision, headaches, nausea, vomiting, temporary vision loss, narrowing vision fields

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29
Q

what is periorbital cellulitis and its causes

A

infection of eyelid
insect bites, upper resp disorders, trauma

30
Q

orbital cellulitis causes and S/S

A

infection within eye socket
sinusitis, tooth infections, facial/ear infections, trauma

31
Q

what causes corneal ulcers and S/S

A

untreated corneal abrasion - pain with extraocular movement, redness, excessive tearing, sensation of foreign object in eye, blurred/loss of vision, photophobia, headache

32
Q

a tumor on which nerve could affect inner ear and balance

A

8 - vestibucochlear

33
Q

what is cerumen

A

earwax

34
Q

what is pulsatile tinnitus and what causes it

A

patient hears constant whooshing, thumping, or throbbing sound - atherosclerosis, blood vessel disorders, HTN, head/neck tumors

35
Q

what is a Battle sign

A

discoloration/tenderness of mastoid process

36
Q

S/S of impacted cerumen

A

pressure or fullness feeling in ear, dizziness, ringing in ears, loss of hearing, pain/itching in ear

37
Q

what is labyrinthitis and its S/S

A

feeling of vertigo or loss of balance after ear infection or upper respiratory infection

tinnitus, dizziness, temporary loss of hearing, nausea/vomiting

38
Q

4 symptoms of Meniere Disease

A

dizziness like spinning vertigo, low-frequency hearing loss, tinnitus, feeling of fullness in affected ear

39
Q

what causes Meniere Disease

A

overproduction of endolymphatic fluid which increases pressure in labyrinth until fluids mix, damaging hair cells

40
Q

what is otitis and its S/S

A

infection from bacterial growth in ear canal

pain, itching, edema and erythema in canal, diminished hearing, inflamed/bulging eardrum

41
Q

damage to what cranial nerve causes loss of smell

A

1 - olfactory

42
Q

what is anosmia

A

total loss of sense of smell

43
Q

what is dysosmia

A

distorted sense of smell when person smells unpleasant odors that do not exist

44
Q

what is hyperosmia

A

increased sensitivity to smell

45
Q

what is hyposmia

A

decreased sense of smell

46
Q

what is presbyosmia

A

loss of smell from normal aging

47
Q

what is epistaxis

A

nosebleed

48
Q

anterior vs posterior epistaxis

A

anterior: bleed slowly, self-limiting, resolve slowly
posterior: more severe and cause blood to drain into pt’s throat

49
Q

blood or CSF from nose suggests what

A

skull fracture

50
Q

what is cerebrospinal rhinorrhea

A

CSF drainage from the nose

51
Q

persistent, foul-smelling purulent discharge from nares indicate what

A

foreign body in nose

52
Q

what is rhinitis and S/S

A

inflammation of nasal cavities
nasal congestion, sneezing, itchy runny nose, itchy eyes, post nasal drip, possible cough

53
Q

what is sinusitis and its S/S

A

sinus inflammation when drainage from one or more sinuses (paranasal) become disrupted

facial pressure/pain, sore throat, nasal congestion, toothache, headache, fever, chills, muscle aches and pains

54
Q

what is dysphagia

A

swallowing problems

55
Q

damage to what nerve can cause facial paralysis

A

7 - facial

56
Q

people with difficulty swallowing are at increased risk of what

A

aspiration pneumonia

57
Q

esophageal reflux and its symptoms

A

lower esophageal sphincter only partially closes, letting acidic stomach acids to come back up

burning sensation in chest and indigestion

58
Q

what is dentalgia

A

tooth ache

59
Q

how to determine if dental abscess infection has become systemic

A

fever, chills, nausea, vomiting

60
Q

what are cold sores

A

painful sores on the mouth caused by herpesvirus

61
Q

what are canker sores

A

painful ulcers in mouth from stress or trauma (braces)

62
Q

what is leukoplakia

A

excess cell growth in mouth that represent as white patches usually from smoking

63
Q

what is gingivitis

A

red swollen gums that bleed easily during brushing

64
Q

what is breath odor that smells of urine or fishy is indicative of what

A

chronic renal failure

65
Q

feces smelling breath is indicative of what

A

bowel obstruction

66
Q

what is oral candidiasis and S/S

A

“thrush” fungus grows in mouth in immunocompromised patients or use inhaled corticosteroids

white lesions, slight bleeding, pain, cracking, redness at corners of mouth, loss of taste, “cottony” feeling in mouth

67
Q

what is Ludwig angina and S/S

A

caused by bacteria from infected tooth root on floor of mouth under the tongue

difficulty breathing and swallowing, neck pain and swelling, drooling, altered speech sounds

68
Q

what is epiglottitis and S/S

A

inflammation of epiglottis usually in peds

fever, sore throat, painful swallowing, stridor, respiratory distress, “tripod”, drooling due to inability to swallow

69
Q

what is laryngitis and S/S

A

swelling and inflammation of the larynx

hoarseness/loss of voice, fever, swollen lymph nodes

70
Q

what is tracheitis and S/S

A

infection of trachea

croup-like barking cough, difficulty breathing, high fever, high-pitched stridor, intercostal retractions

71
Q
A

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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