A&P CHAPTER 1: INTRO Flashcards
ANATOMY
STUDY OF STRUCTURE OF BODY PARTS AND HOW THEY ARE ORGANIZED
PHYSIOLOGY
STUDY OF HOW BODY PARTS WORK
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
STUDY OF CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE/INJURY
SUBDIVISIONS OF AANATOMY
GROSS (MACROSCOPIC)
MICROSCOPIC
DEVELOPMENTAL
ORGANIZATION LEVELS OF THE BODY IN ORDER
ATOM -> MOLECULE -> MACROMOLECULE -> ORGANELLE
-> CELL -> TISSUE -> ORGAN -> ORGAN SYSTEM -> ORGANSIM
CYTOLOGY
SUBDIVISION OF MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY THAT FOCUSES ON BODY CELLS
HISTOLOGY
SUBDIVISION OF MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY THAT FOCUSES ON BODY TISSUES
TISSUE LEVEL
TISSUES WORK TOGETHER AND PERFORM ONE OR MORE SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
ORGAN LEVEL
TISSUES OF AN ORGAN WORK TOGETHER PERFORMING SEVERAL FUNCTIONS
ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL
GROUPS OF ORGANS INTERACT AND PERFORM PARTICULAR FUNCTIONS
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN LIFE (9)
MOVEMENT
RESPONSIVENESS
DIGESTION
EXCRETION
GROWTH
RESPIRATION
ABSORPTION
CIRCULATION
ASSIMILATION
ELEMENTS OF SURVIVAL FOR HUMANS (5)
NUTRIENTS
WATER
OXYGEN
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
BODY TEMPERATURE
HOMEOSTASIS
STABLE INTERNAL BODY ENVIRONMENT NEEDED FOR HUMAN BODY TO SURVIVE
2 MAIN SYSTEMS FOR MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS
NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE
HOW NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
NERVOUS: FAST SHORT TERM ELECTRICAL IMPULSES
ENDOCRINE: SLOW BUT LONGER TERM
AUTOREGULATION
AKA INTRINSIC
BODY STRUCTURE OR SYSTEM ADJUSTS ITS ACTIVITIES BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN ENVIRONMENT
EXTRINSIC REGULATION
NERVOUS OR ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ACTIVITY WHERE THESE SYSTEMS INFLUENCE OTHER BODY SYSTEMS ACTIVITIES SIMULTANEOUSLY
THREE COMPONENTS OF HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL AND HOW THEY WORK
RECEPTORS
CONTROL CENTER
EFFECTORS
RECEPTORS “SENSORS” MONTOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND SEND INFO TO THE CONTROL CENTER
THE CONTROL CENTER HAS A DETERMINED SET POINT AND ANALYZES THE INPUT FROM THE RECEPTORS TO DETERMINE RESPONSES
EFFECTORS THEN CARRY OUT THE CONTROL CENTER’S DECISION OF RESPONSE
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
PREVENTS THE CORRECTION OF DEVIATIONS FROM DOING TOO MUCH
MAIN CONTROLLER OF HOMEOSTASIS
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
MAKES CONDITIONS MOVE AWAY FROM THE NORMAL STATE TO STIMULATE FURTHER CHANGES
PRODUCE EXTREME RESPONSES
EXAMPLES OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK
CONTRACTIONS FOR CHILD BIRTH, BLOOD CLOTTING
MOST DISEASES OCCUR BECAUSE OF _____
HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE
TWO MAIN CAVITIES OF BODY
DORSAL AND VENTRAL
GENERAL CONTENTS OF DORSAL CAVITY
BRAIN AND SPINE
GENERAL CONTENTS OF VENTRAL CAVITY
MOST OF THE BODY’S ORGANS
SUBDIVISIONS OF DORSAL CAVITY
CRANIAL AND VERTEBRAL
SUBDIVISIONS OF VENTRAL CAVITY
THORACIC AND ABDOMINOPELVIC
CONTENTS OF THORACIC CAVITY
LUNGS, HEART, INFERIOR ESOPHAGUS, THYMUS AND ORGANS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY, LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
WHAT DOES THE DIAPHRAGM SEPARATE
THE THORACIC CAVITY AND ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
CONTENTS OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY
LIVER, STOMACH, SPLEE, SMALL INTENSTINE, AND MAJORITY OF LARGE INTESTINE
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM ROLES
PROTECTS UNDERLYING BODY TISSUES
ASSISTS IN BODY TEMP REGULATION
CONTAINS SENSORY RECEPTORS
MANUFACTURES VITAMIN D
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM PARTS
SKIN, HAIR, NAILS, OIL GLANDS, SWEAT GLANDS
SKELETAL SYSTEM ROLES
SUPPORTS AND PROTECTS BODY TISSUES
HELPS BODY MOVE
AID IN BLOOD FORMATION
STOREAGE OF MINERAL SALTS
MUSCULAR SYSTEM ROLES
HELPS BODY MOVE
POSTURE
BODY HEAT
NERVOUS SYSTEM ROLES
FAST, SHORT TERM CHANGES
CONTROLS VARIOUS ORGAN FUNCTIONS
HELPS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
NERVOUS SYSTEM PARTS
BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, NERVES, SENSORY ORGANS
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ROLES
SLOW BUT LONG DURATION
SECRETE HORMONES TO AFFCET TARGETED CELLS
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM PARTS
HYPOTHALAMUS, PITUITARY GLAND, PINEAL GLAND, THYROID GLAND, PARATHYROID GLAND, ADRENAL GLANDS, PANCREAS, AND THYMUS
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PARTS
HEART, BLOOD, ARTERIES, VEINS, CAPILLARIES
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ROLES
TRANSPORTS BLOOD WITH GASES, HORMONES, NUTRIENTS, AND WASTE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ROLES
WORKS WITH CARDIO TO TRANSPORT TISSUE FLUID BACK INTO BLOOD STREAM
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM PARTS
LYMPHATIC VESSELS, LYMPH NODES, THYMUS, SPLEEN, LUMPH FLUID
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ROLES
BREAKS DOWN AND ABSORBS NUTRIENTS
EXCRETES WASTE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PARTS
MOUTH, TEETH, SALIVARY GLANDS, TONGUE, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, LIVER , GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS, SMALLL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE, RECTUM, ANUS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ROLES
EXCHANGES OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE VIA LUNGS AND BLOOD STREAM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PARTS
NOSE, LARYNX, TRACHEA, BRONCHI, LUNGS
URINARY SYSTEM ROLES
REMOVE LIQUID WASTES FROM BODY
URINARY SYSTEM PARTS
KIDNEYS, URETERS, BLADDER, URETHRA
TRANSVERSE PLANE
DIVIDES BODY INTO TOP AND BOTTOM
FRONTAL PLANE
AKA CORONAL
DIVIDES BODY INTO FRONT AND BACK
SAGITTAL PLANE
DIVIDES BODY INTO LEFT AND RIGHT
RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT
LIVER, GALLBLADDER
LEFT UPPER QUADRANT
SPLEEN
PANCREAS
RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT
APPENDIX, OVARY, URETER
LEFT LOWER QUADRANT
COLON, OVARY, URETER
