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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > BLOCK 3: TERRORISM RESPONSE > Flashcards

BLOCK 3: TERRORISM RESPONSE Flashcards

1
Q

what are the CBRNE agents

A

chemical, biological, radioactive, nuclear, explosive

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2
Q

international vs. domestic terrorism

A

international: aka cross-border terrorism, foreign agents
domestic: operation originating within borders of target country

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3
Q

what is the motivation behind state terrorists

A

established government using terror to control all or part of its populace

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4
Q

motivation behind religious extremists

A

see other religions or “nonbelievers” as worthy targets for death

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5
Q

right-wing extremists motivation

A

formed as militias or gangs and motivated by conspiracy theories

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6
Q

left-wing extremists motivation

A

want to overturn traditional establishment and corporations

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7
Q

issue-oriented groups motivation

A

seek to effect change through legal/socially acceptable means
smaller group may break off and look toward violence

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8
Q

separatists motivation

A

seek political, economic, social freedom
seek to kill or evict foreigners

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9
Q

nacroterrorists motivation

A

use of terror to take control of region, politics, government for drug trafficking

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10
Q

pathologic terrorists motivation

A

none besides desire to terrorize others
small groups or lone wolves

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11
Q

National Terrorism Advisory System

A

Dept of Homeland Security issues alerts through this in response to threats to US

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12
Q

elevated vs imminent terrorist threats

A

elevated: no specific info about time or location
imminent: believed to be impending or occurring soon

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13
Q

the most senior paramedic act as _____ on terrorism scene until relieved by ______

A

medical branch director
supervisor or EMS physician

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14
Q

what is the patient generator

A

source that is causing people to become sick or injured

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15
Q

what toxin laces mailed letters

A

ricin (chemical agent)

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16
Q

biotoxins and examples

A

poisons derived from plants or animals
examples: ricin

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17
Q

blister agents and examples

A

aka vesicants, cause blisters
example: gas or lewisite

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18
Q

blood agents and examples

A

poisons absorbed by and affecting function of blood
examples: CO, cyanide

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19
Q

caustic agents and examples

A

chemicals that burn or corrode human tissue
examples: hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen chloride

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20
Q

chocking/pulmonary agents and examples

A

chemicals that cause severe irritation and swelling of respiratory tissues
examples: ammonia, chlorine, bromine, phosgene

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21
Q

incapacitating agents and examples

A

cause sedation and altered consciousness
examples: fentanyl, opioids

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22
Q

long-acting anticoagulants and examples

A

poisons that prevent blood clotting
example: superwarfarin

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23
Q

poisonous metals and examples

A

metals inherently poisonous to living creatures
examples: arsenic, mercury

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24
Q

nerve agents and examples

A

chemicals that disrupt nervous system and function of acetylcholine
examples: sarin, soman, VX, novichok

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25
Q

organic solvents and examples

A

chemicals that damage living tissues by dissolving fats and oils
example: benzene

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26
Q

riot control agents and examples

A

highly irritating by nonlethal
examples: mace or tear gas

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27
Q

toxic alcohols and examples

A

alcohols inherently poisoning by targeting heart, kidneys, nervous system
example: ethylene glycol

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28
Q

vomiting agents and example

A

chemicals that induce uncontrollable nausea and vomiting
example: adamsite

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29
Q

chemical persistence and volatility

A

how long the agent will stay on surface before evaporating

30
Q

what two agents kill within seconds to minutes

A

nerve and metabolic agents

31
Q

antidote for blood agents

A

cyanokit

32
Q

antidote for incapacitating agents

A

naloxone

33
Q

G agents

A

developed by German scientists in WW2
include sarin, soman, tabun, and VX nerge agent

34
Q

symptoms of nerve agent exposure

A

DUMBELS - diarrhea, urination, miosis, muscle weakness, bradycardia, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea, emesis, lacrimation, seizures, salivation, sweating

35
Q

dissemination

A

means by which terrorist spreads the agent

36
Q

disease vector

A

animal that spreads disease

37
Q

communicability

A

how easily disease is able to spread

38
Q

contagious

A

how communicability is high, the person is considered this

39
Q

incubation

A

period between the person’s exposure to the agent and the onset of symptoms

40
Q

virus

A

germ that requires living host to multiply and survive
can be fought with antivirals

41
Q

smallpox symptoms

A

temp of 101-104
all lesions are identical in their development
start on face/extremities and move toward chest and abdomen

42
Q

smallpox incubation period and duration of illness

A

incubation period: 10-12 days
duration: 4 weeks

43
Q

viral hemorrhagic fever examples and symptoms

A

symptoms: blood in body seeps out of tissues and blood vessels
examples: ebola, rift valley, yellow fever

44
Q

bacteria

A

self-sufficient (don’t need a host)
more complex and larger than viruses
treated with antibiotics

45
Q

anthrax

A

deadly bacterium that lies dormant in a spore until exposed to optimal temp and moisture

46
Q

bubonic plague

A

natural vectors of rodents and fleas
infects lymphatic system and enlarges lymph nodes
NOT contagious

47
Q

pneumonic plague

A

lung infection from inhaling plague bacteria
contagious

48
Q

botulinum

A

most powerful known toxin
paralyzes body and patient goes into respiratory arrest

49
Q

ricin

A

mash left over from castor bean after making castor oil
causes pulmonary edema, resp and circulatory failure

50
Q

worried well

A

healthy people seeking medical treatment because they are exhibiting symptoms associated with particular illness or incident they learned about

51
Q

syndromic surveillance

A

monitoring by health departments of patients to detect unusual influx of patients with symptoms to discover outbreaks early

52
Q

“push packs”

A

medications delivered in large containers to points of distribution

53
Q

ionizing radiation

A

energy emitted in form of rays or particles from radioactive material that is unstable and attempting to stabilize itself in process of decay

54
Q

alpha rays

A

least harmful
can be stopped by skin or piece of paper

55
Q

beta radiation

A

requires layer of clothing to stop

56
Q

gamma rays

A

x-rays
require several inches of lead or concrete to stop

57
Q

neutron energy radiation

A

most powerful radiation form
penetrates lead, requires several feet of concrete to be stopped

58
Q

how is nuclear energy artificially released

A

splitting radioactive atoms which results in immense amount of energy in form of heat

59
Q

what is a special atomic demolition munition

A

“suitcase nuke”

60
Q

3 levels of radiation exposure

A

radioactive exposure: exposure occurred, body is not contaminated
external contamination: skin was contaminated by not inside of body
internal contamination: inside of body is contaminated

61
Q

what is the inverse square law

A

describes how radiation travels from its source
if you double distance from radiation source, you decrease your amount of exposure by factor of 4

62
Q

3 protective measures for radiation

A

time, distance, shielding

63
Q

what are IEDs

A

homemade bombs

64
Q

3 types of IEDs

A

package, vehicle-borne, suicide bombs

65
Q

what are package IEDs usually packed with

A

“enhancements” like nuts, bolts, other projectiles

66
Q

what is commonly used for vehicle-borne IEDs

A

ANFO (ammonium nitrate and fuel oil)

67
Q

two most common blast injuries

A

tympanic membrane rupture and barotrauma

68
Q

most common fatal blast injury

A

“blast lung” barotrauma characterized by triad of apnea, bradycardia, hypotension

69
Q

military abbreviation for sarin

A

GB

70
Q

military abbreviation for soman

A

GD

71
Q

military abbreviation for tabun

A

GA

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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