CHP 32: SOFT-TISSUE TRAUMA Flashcards
which layer of skin insulates and stores fat
subcutaneous tissue
where is static tension found
areas with limited movement like scalp
where is dynamic tension found
over muscle
what is erythema
redness from inflammatory response
what is ecchymosis
black and blue mark
contusion vs hematoma
contusion - bruise
hematoma - lump (collection of blood under skin)
why does crush syndrome occur
prolonged compression force that impairs muscle metabolism and circulation
what do chemotactic factors do
signal repairing cell to migrate to area of injury
what releases histamine and for what
mast cells to dilate blood vessels to increase blood flow to
what is epithelialization
new layer of epithelial cells built in soft-tissue damaged area
what is neovascularization
new blood vessels form to bring oxygen and nutrients to injured tissue
what is collagen used for by body
provides stability to damaged tissue and joins wound borders
why do hypertrophic or keloid scars form
excess protein from lack of balance in healing process
hypertrophic vs keloid scars
hypertrophic: areas subject to high stress like elbow or knee
keloid: dark pigmented skin
open injuries should be closed within how many hours
24
3 types of wound closure and what they are
primary: wound margins are brought together
secondary intention: dressing high-risk wounds, heal from the inside out
delayed primary: delayed closure originally managed by secondary intention
what is lymphangitis and its hallmark sign
inflammation of lymph channels - red streaks adjacent to wound
dressing vs bandage
dressing: covers wound and controls bleeding
bandage: keeps dressing in place
capillary, venous, vs arterial bleeding
capillary: slow, even flow of bright or dark red blood with superficial lacs
venous: slow and steady with darker blood
arterial: spurts of bright red blood
laceration vs incision
lac: cut producing jagged wound
incision: clean linear cut
penetrating trauma ___ and above, consider chest involvement
penetrating trauma ___ and below, consider abdominal involvement
umbilicus
nipple line
what is an avulsion
flap of skin is torn loose
how to store amputated limb
wrap loosely in saline-moistened sterile gauze in plastic bag
how to stabilize impaled objects
bulky dressing
four steps of thoracic injury assessment
inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion
what is myositis
inflammation of the muscle
what is gangrene
tissue death that occurs when blood delivery to tissue is stopped
wet vs dry gangrene
wet: causes sepsis within hours
dry: takes months to develop
what is paronychia
small pustule or redness with/out pus near nail plate
what is flexor tenosynovitis of hand
infection involving sheath of tendons that flex fingers leaving inability to involve finger
