CHP 32: SOFT-TISSUE TRAUMA

Question 1

which layer of skin insulates and stores fat

Answer 1

subcutaneous tissue

Question 2

where is static tension found

Answer 2

areas with limited movement like scalp

Question 3

where is dynamic tension found

Answer 3

over muscle

Question 4

what is erythema

Answer 4

redness from inflammatory response

Question 5

what is ecchymosis

Answer 5

black and blue mark

Question 6

contusion vs hematoma

Answer 6

contusion - bruise
hematoma - lump (collection of blood under skin)

Question 7

why does crush syndrome occur

Answer 7

prolonged compression force that impairs muscle metabolism and circulation

Question 8

what do chemotactic factors do

Answer 8

signal repairing cell to migrate to area of injury

Question 9

what releases histamine and for what

Answer 9

mast cells to dilate blood vessels to increase blood flow to

Question 10

what is epithelialization

Answer 10

new layer of epithelial cells built in soft-tissue damaged area

Question 11

what is neovascularization

Answer 11

new blood vessels form to bring oxygen and nutrients to injured tissue

Question 12

what is collagen used for by body

Answer 12

provides stability to damaged tissue and joins wound borders

Question 13

why do hypertrophic or keloid scars form

Answer 13

excess protein from lack of balance in healing process

Question 14

hypertrophic vs keloid scars

Answer 14

hypertrophic: areas subject to high stress like elbow or knee
keloid: dark pigmented skin

Question 15

open injuries should be closed within how many hours

Answer 15

24

Question 16

3 types of wound closure and what they are

Answer 16

primary: wound margins are brought together
secondary intention: dressing high-risk wounds, heal from the inside out
delayed primary: delayed closure originally managed by secondary intention

Question 17

what is lymphangitis and its hallmark sign

Answer 17

inflammation of lymph channels - red streaks adjacent to wound

Question 18

dressing vs bandage

Answer 18

dressing: covers wound and controls bleeding
bandage: keeps dressing in place

Question 19

capillary, venous, vs arterial bleeding

Answer 19

capillary: slow, even flow of bright or dark red blood with superficial lacs

venous: slow and steady with darker blood

arterial: spurts of bright red blood

Question 20

laceration vs incision

Answer 20

lac: cut producing jagged wound
incision: clean linear cut

Question 21

penetrating trauma ___ and above, consider chest involvement

penetrating trauma ___ and below, consider abdominal involvement

Answer 21

umbilicus

nipple line

Question 22

what is an avulsion

Answer 22

flap of skin is torn loose

Question 23

how to store amputated limb

Answer 23

wrap loosely in saline-moistened sterile gauze in plastic bag

Question 24

how to stabilize impaled objects

Answer 24

bulky dressing

Question 25

four steps of thoracic injury assessment

Answer 25

inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion

Question 26

what is myositis

Answer 26

inflammation of the muscle

Question 27

what is gangrene

Answer 27

tissue death that occurs when blood delivery to tissue is stopped

Question 28

wet vs dry gangrene

Answer 28

wet: causes sepsis within hours
dry: takes months to develop

Question 29

what is paronychia

Answer 29

small pustule or redness with/out pus near nail plate

Question 30

what is flexor tenosynovitis of hand

Answer 30

infection involving sheath of tendons that flex fingers leaving inability to involve finger