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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > A&P CHAPTER 21: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

A&P CHAPTER 21: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

PROCESS OF GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN ATMOPHERE AND CELLS

A

RESPIRATION

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2
Q

MOVEMENT OF AIR IN AND OUT OF LUNGS

A

VENTILATION

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3
Q

GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN AIR IN LUNGS AND BLOOD

A

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

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4
Q

GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN BLOOD AND THE CELLS

A

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

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5
Q

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

A

NOSE, NASAL CAVITY, PARANASAL SINUSES, PHARYNX (NASO, ORO, AND LARYNG)

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6
Q

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

A

LARYNX, TRACHEA, LUNGS

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7
Q

FLAP-LIKE STRUCTURE THAT ALLOWS LARYNX TO CONTROL WHETHER AIR OF FOOD PASSES

A

EPIGLOTTIS

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8
Q

WHAT SPLITS INTO THE LEFT AND RIGHT BRONCHI

A

TRACHEA

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9
Q

POINT WHERE TRACHEA BRANCHES INTO BRONCHI

A

CARINA

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10
Q

TYPE 1 ALVEOLAR CELLS

A

ONE LAYER OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE ALVEOLI WALLS

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11
Q

TYPE II ALVEOLAR CELLS

A

CUBOIDAL CELLS ON SURFACE OF ALVEOLI THAT SECRETE SURFACTANT (OILY SUBSTANCE THAT COATS AVEOLI)

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12
Q

ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

A

DUST CELLS
PHAGOCYTIZE PARTICLES IN ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM THAT HAVE NOT ALREADY BEEN CAUGHT

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13
Q

WHAT DOES SURFACTANT DO

A

KEEPS ALVEOLI OPEN AND REDUCES SURFACE TENSION

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14
Q

WHAT ENZYME DO ALVEOLAR CAPILLARIES RELEASE

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (CONVERTS ANGIOTENSIN I TO ANGIOTENSIN II THAT REGULATE BP AND VOLUME)

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15
Q

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

A

WHEN BLOOD FLOW TO A GORUP OF ALVEOLI IS STOPPED WHEN BRANCH OF PULMONARY ARTERY IS BLOCKED BY LARGE BLOOD CLOTS

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16
Q

VISCERAL VS PARIETAL PLEURA

A

VISCERAL: SEROUS MEMBRANE COVERING EXTERNAL LUNG SURFACES
PARIETAL: INNER LINING UNDER VISCERAL PLEURA

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17
Q

WHAT DOES PLUERAL FLUID DO

A

REDUCES FRICTION AS PLEURAE MOVE AGAINST EACH OTHER

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18
Q

VOLUME CHANGES ALWAYS LEAD TO ____

A

PRESSURE CHANGES

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19
Q

PRESSURE CHANGES LEAD TO ___

A

FLOW OF GASES TO EQUALIZE PRESSURE

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20
Q

WHAT DOES BOYLE’S LAW STATE

A

AT A CONSTANT TEMP, PRESSURE OF A GAS CHANGES INVERSELY WITH ITS VOLUME

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21
Q

NORMAL RESTING RESPIRATION IS A ____ PROCESS

A

PASSIVE

22
Q

INHALATION CONTRACTS WHICH MUSCLES

A

DIAPHRAGM, EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES, ACCESSORY MUSCLES

23
Q

QUIET BREATHING IS KNOWN AS

A

EUPNEA

24
Q

WHAT HAPPENS DURING EXPRIATION

A

THE DIAPHRAGM AND RIBCAGE RETURN TO ORIGINAL POSITIONS (ELASTIC REBOUND)

25
Q

FORCED BREATHING IS KNOWN AS

A

HYPERPNEA

26
Q

WHAT IS TIDAL VOLUME

A

AMOUNT OF AIR MOVING IN AND OUT OF LUNGS WITH EACH BREATH DURING NORMAL BREATHING

27
Q

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME

A

AMOUNT OF AIR THAT CAN BE FORCEFULLY INHALED BEYOND THE TIDAL VOLUME

28
Q

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME

A

AMOUNT OF AIR THAT CAN BE FORCEFULLY EXPELLED AFTER THE NORMAL TIDAL VOLUME

29
Q

RESIDUAL VOLUME

A

AMOUNT OF AIR REMAINING IN LUNGS AFTER MOST FORCEFUL EXPIRATION OF AIR
PREVENTS LUNGS FROM COLLAPSING AND KEEPING ALVEOLI OPEN
“PATENT”

30
Q

FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY

A

AIR REMAINING IN LUNGS AFTER NORMAL TIDAL VOLUME EXPIRATION (ERV, RV)

31
Q

VITAL CAPACITY

A

TOTAL AMOUNT OF AIR FROM TV, IRV, AND ERV

32
Q

TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY

A

TOTAL OF ALL LUNG VOLUMES ADDED TOGETHER (TV, IRV, ERV, RV)

33
Q

MINUTE VENTILATION

A

TOTAL AMOUNT OF GAS FLOWING IN/OUT OF REPSIRATORY TRACT IN ONE MINUTE

34
Q

DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES

A

TOTAL PRESSURE FROM MIX OF GASES IS SUM OF THE PRESSURE THAT EACH GAS EXERTS INDEPENDENTLY

35
Q

HENRY’S LAW

A

WHEN GAS CONTACTS A LIQUID IT DISSOLVES IN THE LIQUID IN PROPORTION TO ITS PARTIAL PRESSURE

36
Q

4 COMPONENTS OF AIR BY PERCENTAGE (HIGHEST TO LOWEST)

A

NITROGEN, OXYGEN, WATER, CO2

37
Q

OXYHEMOGLOBIN

A

OXYGEN DISSOLVES IN BLOOD AND COMBINES WITH IRON ATOMS OF HEMOGLOBIN TO FORM THIS
CARRIES OXYGEN TO NEARBY CELLS WHO NEED IT

38
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WITH MOGLOBIN WHEN PH CHANGES

A

IF PH DECREASES, HB MOLECULES CHANGE SHAPE TO RELEASE OXYGEN MORE EASILY

39
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WITH HEMOGLOBIN AS TEMP CHANGES

A

IF TEMP IS INCREASED MORE OXYGEN IS RELEASED

40
Q

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ADULT AND FETUS HEMOGLOBIN

A

MUCH LARGER AFFINITY FOR OXYGEN IN FETAL

41
Q

WHAT PART OF THE HEMOGLOBIN DOES CO2 BOND TO

A

THE AMINO GROUPS OR PROTEIN PORTION

42
Q

CARBAMINOHEMOGLOBIN

A

CARBON DIOXIDE BINDING TO HEMOGLOBIN

43
Q

WHAT DOES CARBON DIOXIDE REACTING WITH WATER FORM

A

BICARBONATE IONS

44
Q

WHAT ENZYME SPEEDS UP THE REACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER

A

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE

45
Q

DAMAGE TO THE PHRENIC NERVE CAN CAUSE

A

INCREASED RESPIRATORY RATE

46
Q

DORSAL VS VETNRAL RESPIRATORY GROUP

A

DORSAL: INSPIRATION MUSCLES
VENTRAL: EXPIRATION MUSCLES

47
Q

DEEP BREATHING IS REFERRED TO AS _____
SHALLOW BREATHING IS REFERRED TO AS ____

A

DEEP: VDIAPHRAGMATIC
SHALLOW: COSTAL

48
Q

WHAT DO CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS DO

A

LOCATED IN MEDULLA OBLONGATA
SENSE CO2 INCREASE IN CSF AND INCREASE RESPIRATORY RATE AND TIDAL VOLUME

49
Q

MOST IMPORTANT CHEMICAL REGULATOR OF RESPIRATION

A

CO2

50
Q

CONDITION IN WHICH CO2 ACCUMULATES IN BRAIN

A

HYPERCAPNIA

51
Q

PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS

A

IN CAROTID AND AORTIC BODIES
HELP AND SENSE CHANGES IN BLOOD OXYGEN LEVELS IN EXTREME CASES AND CAN INCREASE BREATHING RATE

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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