CHAPTER 12: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
CEREBRUM
LARGEST PART OF BRAIN
2 HEMISPHERES
CONTROLS HIGHER BRAIN FUNCTIONS
BASAL NUCLEI
MASSESS OF GRAY MATTER
RELAYS MOTOR IMPULSES FROM CEREBRAL CORTEX TO BRAIN STEM AND SPINAL CORD
DIENCEPHALON
MASSES OF GRAY MATTER
THALAMUS: RELAYS SENSORY IMPULSES FROM NERVOUS SYSTEM TO CEREBRAL CORTEX
HYPOTHALAMUS: MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS, PRIMARY VISCERAL CONTROL CENTER, CONTROLS ANS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, BODY TEMP
EPITHALAMUS: CONTAINS PINEAL GLAND THAT SECRETES MELATONIN
3 PARTS OF BRAIN STEM AND WHAT IT DOES
MIDBRAIN
PONS
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
CONNECTS CEREBRUM TO SPINAL CORD
MIDBRAIN
MASSES OF GRAY MATTER
JOINS SPINAL CORD TO HIGH BRAIN REGIONS
REFLEX CENTERS TO MOVE EYES, HEAD
PONS
CONTAINS MASSES OF GRAY MATTER AND NERVE FIBERS
BULGE ON UNDERSITE OF BRAIN STEM
RELAYS IMPULSES BETWEEN MEDULLA OBLONGATA AND CEREBRUM
REGULATES BREATHING
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
CONTAINS GRAY MATTER AND NERVE FIVERS
ENLARGED CONTINUATION OF SPINAL CORD
CONDUCTS IMPULSES BETWEEN BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
CONTAINS CONTROL CENTERS FOR CARDIAC/RESPIRATORY
CEREBELLUM
LARGE TISSUE MASS UNDER CEREBRUM BEHIND BRAIN STEM
2 LATERAL HEMISPHERES
COMMUNICATES WITH REST OF CNS
SENSORY INFO, POSITIONING, MUSCLE ACTIVITIES
WHAT SEPARATES THE LATERAL VENTRICLES IN THE BRAIN?
SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM
WHAT CONNECTS THE TWO BRAIN HEMISPHERES?
CORPUS CALLOSUM
FISSURE VS SULCUS
FISSURE: DEEP GROOVE
SULCUS: SHALLOW GROOVE
CEREBRAL CORTEX
THIN LAYER OF GRAY MATTER AROUND THE CEREBRUM
“CENTER OF THE CONSCIOUS MIND”
AWARENESS, COMMS, SENSATION, MEMORY, INITIATION OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
5 LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND THEIR LOCATIONS
FRONTAL (FRONT)
PARIETAL ( TOP)
TEMPORAL (SIDE)
OCCIPITAL (BACK)
INSULA (INSIDE)
3 FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
MOTOR, SENSORY, ASSOCIATION
EACH HEMISPHERE CONTROLS THE MOTOR AND SENSORY FUNCTIONS OF THE ___ SIDE OF THE BODY
OPPOSITE
ASSOCIATION FIBERS CONNECT WHAT?
VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME BRAIN HEMISPHERE
COMMISSURAL FIBERS CONNECT WHAT?
HEMISPHERES SO THEY CAN FUNCTION TOGETHER
WHAT DOES AN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM MEASURE?
ELECTRICAL BRAIN ACTIVITY
4 TYPES OF BRAIN WAVES
ALPHA, BETA, THETA, DELTA
TWO TYPES OF SLEEP
NON-RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (NREM)
RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM)
WHICH STAGE OF SLEEP RESTORES THE MIND AND BODY
NREM
WHAT REGULATES THE TIMING OF SLEEP CYCLES?
HYPOTHALAMUS
ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
NEW SENSORY INPUT IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH OLDER SENSORY INPUT
“LIVING IN THE PRESENT WITHOUT ABILITY TO CONNECT WITH PAST”
RETROGRADE AMNESIA
LOSS OF MEMORIES FROM DISTANT PAST
3 LAYERS OF MEMBRANES IN MENINGES
DURA MATER (OUTER)
ARACHNOID MATER
PIA MATER (INNER)
BETWEEN WHICH MENINGE MEMBRANES IS CSF LOCATED?
BETWEEN ARACHNOID AND PIA MATERS
WHERE IS MOST CEREBROSPINAL FLUID MADE?
LATERAL VENTRICLES
WHAT IS DECUSSATION?
NEURONAL PATHWAYS CROSSING FROM ONE SIDE OF THE CNS TO THE OTHER
SYMPTOMS OF BRAIN BLEED
UNCONTROLLED BP, RR, AND HR
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
AKA STROKE
MOST COMMON NERVOUS DISORDER
ISCHEMIA
DEPRIVATION OF BLOOD TO A BODY TISSUE
3 CAUSES OF STROKES
BLOOD COTS
RUPTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS
ANEURYSM
HEMIPLEGIA
PARALYZED ON ONE SIDE OF THE BODY (FROM STROKE)
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
PROGRESSIVE
RESULTS IN MENTAL DETERIORATION
CAUSED FROM SENILE PLAQUES THAT FORM BETWEEN NEURONS
PARKINSON’S DISEASE
DEGENERATION OF DOPAMINE-RELEASING NEURONS
TREMORS AND SLOWNESS
HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE
FATAL, HEREDITARY DISORDER
PROTEINS MUTATE AND ACCUMULATE CAUSING DEATH OF BRAIN TISSUE
OVERSTIMULATION OF MOTOR DRIVE
POLIOMYELITIS
INFLAMMATION OF GRAY MATTER IN SPINAL CORD FROM POLIOVIRUS
SYMPTOMS: HEADACHE, FEVER, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, LOSS OF SOMATIC REFLEXES
LOU GEHRIG’S DISEASE
DESTROYS MOTOR NEURONS
SYMPTOMS: LOSS OF ABILITY TO SWALLOW, SPEAK, AND BREATHE
COMBINATION OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
DAMAGE TO BROCAS CAUSES
DAMAGE CAUSES TROUBLE SPEAKING, WRITING, TYPING
DAMAGE TO WERNICKES CAUSES
LACK OF UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE OR SPEAKING NONSENSE
LATERAL HORNS
MOTOR NEURONS
DORSAL HORNS
CELL BODIES SYNAPSED BY EFFERENT NEURONS (SEND BACK TO BRAIN)
FASCILI
SPINAL NEURONS THAT CONNEC
WHAT IS THE MAJOR EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTER INVOLVED IN MEMORIES
GLUTAMATE