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paramedic school > CHAPTER 12: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

CHAPTER 12: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

CEREBRUM

A

LARGEST PART OF BRAIN
2 HEMISPHERES
CONTROLS HIGHER BRAIN FUNCTIONS

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2
Q

BASAL NUCLEI

A

MASSESS OF GRAY MATTER
RELAYS MOTOR IMPULSES FROM CEREBRAL CORTEX TO BRAIN STEM AND SPINAL CORD

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3
Q

DIENCEPHALON

A

MASSES OF GRAY MATTER
THALAMUS: RELAYS SENSORY IMPULSES FROM NERVOUS SYSTEM TO CEREBRAL CORTEX
HYPOTHALAMUS: MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS, PRIMARY VISCERAL CONTROL CENTER, CONTROLS ANS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, BODY TEMP
EPITHALAMUS: CONTAINS PINEAL GLAND THAT SECRETES MELATONIN

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4
Q

3 PARTS OF BRAIN STEM AND WHAT IT DOES

A

MIDBRAIN
PONS
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
CONNECTS CEREBRUM TO SPINAL CORD

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5
Q

MIDBRAIN

A

MASSES OF GRAY MATTER
JOINS SPINAL CORD TO HIGH BRAIN REGIONS
REFLEX CENTERS TO MOVE EYES, HEAD

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6
Q

PONS

A

CONTAINS MASSES OF GRAY MATTER AND NERVE FIBERS
BULGE ON UNDERSITE OF BRAIN STEM
RELAYS IMPULSES BETWEEN MEDULLA OBLONGATA AND CEREBRUM
REGULATES BREATHING

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7
Q

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

A

CONTAINS GRAY MATTER AND NERVE FIVERS
ENLARGED CONTINUATION OF SPINAL CORD
CONDUCTS IMPULSES BETWEEN BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
CONTAINS CONTROL CENTERS FOR CARDIAC/RESPIRATORY

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8
Q

CEREBELLUM

A

LARGE TISSUE MASS UNDER CEREBRUM BEHIND BRAIN STEM
2 LATERAL HEMISPHERES
COMMUNICATES WITH REST OF CNS
SENSORY INFO, POSITIONING, MUSCLE ACTIVITIES

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9
Q

WHAT SEPARATES THE LATERAL VENTRICLES IN THE BRAIN?

A

SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM

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10
Q

WHAT CONNECTS THE TWO BRAIN HEMISPHERES?

A

CORPUS CALLOSUM

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11
Q

FISSURE VS SULCUS

A

FISSURE: DEEP GROOVE
SULCUS: SHALLOW GROOVE

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12
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX

A

THIN LAYER OF GRAY MATTER AROUND THE CEREBRUM
“CENTER OF THE CONSCIOUS MIND”
AWARENESS, COMMS, SENSATION, MEMORY, INITIATION OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

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13
Q

5 LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND THEIR LOCATIONS

A

FRONTAL (FRONT)
PARIETAL ( TOP)
TEMPORAL (SIDE)
OCCIPITAL (BACK)
INSULA (INSIDE)

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14
Q

3 FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

A

MOTOR, SENSORY, ASSOCIATION

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15
Q

EACH HEMISPHERE CONTROLS THE MOTOR AND SENSORY FUNCTIONS OF THE ___ SIDE OF THE BODY

A

OPPOSITE

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16
Q

ASSOCIATION FIBERS CONNECT WHAT?

A

VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME BRAIN HEMISPHERE

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17
Q

COMMISSURAL FIBERS CONNECT WHAT?

A

HEMISPHERES SO THEY CAN FUNCTION TOGETHER

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18
Q

WHAT DOES AN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM MEASURE?

A

ELECTRICAL BRAIN ACTIVITY

19
Q

4 TYPES OF BRAIN WAVES

A

ALPHA, BETA, THETA, DELTA

20
Q

TWO TYPES OF SLEEP

A

NON-RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (NREM)
RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM)

21
Q

WHICH STAGE OF SLEEP RESTORES THE MIND AND BODY

A

NREM

22
Q

WHAT REGULATES THE TIMING OF SLEEP CYCLES?

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

23
Q

ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA

A

NEW SENSORY INPUT IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH OLDER SENSORY INPUT
“LIVING IN THE PRESENT WITHOUT ABILITY TO CONNECT WITH PAST”

24
Q

RETROGRADE AMNESIA

A

LOSS OF MEMORIES FROM DISTANT PAST

25
Q

3 LAYERS OF MEMBRANES IN MENINGES

A

DURA MATER (OUTER)
ARACHNOID MATER
PIA MATER (INNER)

26
Q

BETWEEN WHICH MENINGE MEMBRANES IS CSF LOCATED?

A

BETWEEN ARACHNOID AND PIA MATERS

27
Q

WHERE IS MOST CEREBROSPINAL FLUID MADE?

A

LATERAL VENTRICLES

28
Q

WHAT IS DECUSSATION?

A

NEURONAL PATHWAYS CROSSING FROM ONE SIDE OF THE CNS TO THE OTHER

29
Q

SYMPTOMS OF BRAIN BLEED

A

UNCONTROLLED BP, RR, AND HR

30
Q

CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT

A

AKA STROKE
MOST COMMON NERVOUS DISORDER

31
Q

ISCHEMIA

A

DEPRIVATION OF BLOOD TO A BODY TISSUE

32
Q

3 CAUSES OF STROKES

A

BLOOD COTS
RUPTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS
ANEURYSM

33
Q

HEMIPLEGIA

A

PARALYZED ON ONE SIDE OF THE BODY (FROM STROKE)

34
Q

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

A

PROGRESSIVE
RESULTS IN MENTAL DETERIORATION
CAUSED FROM SENILE PLAQUES THAT FORM BETWEEN NEURONS

35
Q

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

A

DEGENERATION OF DOPAMINE-RELEASING NEURONS
TREMORS AND SLOWNESS

36
Q

HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

A

FATAL, HEREDITARY DISORDER
PROTEINS MUTATE AND ACCUMULATE CAUSING DEATH OF BRAIN TISSUE
OVERSTIMULATION OF MOTOR DRIVE

37
Q

POLIOMYELITIS

A

INFLAMMATION OF GRAY MATTER IN SPINAL CORD FROM POLIOVIRUS
SYMPTOMS: HEADACHE, FEVER, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, LOSS OF SOMATIC REFLEXES

38
Q

LOU GEHRIG’S DISEASE

A

DESTROYS MOTOR NEURONS
SYMPTOMS: LOSS OF ABILITY TO SWALLOW, SPEAK, AND BREATHE
COMBINATION OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

39
Q

DAMAGE TO BROCAS CAUSES

A

DAMAGE CAUSES TROUBLE SPEAKING, WRITING, TYPING

40
Q

DAMAGE TO WERNICKES CAUSES

A

LACK OF UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE OR SPEAKING NONSENSE

41
Q

LATERAL HORNS

A

MOTOR NEURONS

42
Q

DORSAL HORNS

A

CELL BODIES SYNAPSED BY EFFERENT NEURONS (SEND BACK TO BRAIN)

43
Q

FASCILI

A

SPINAL NEURONS THAT CONNEC

44
Q

WHAT IS THE MAJOR EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTER INVOLVED IN MEMORIES

A

GLUTAMATE

paramedic school (74 decks)

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