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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > BLOCK 3: VEHICLE EXTRICATION/SPECIAL RESCUE > Flashcards

BLOCK 3: VEHICLE EXTRICATION/SPECIAL RESCUE Flashcards

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1
Q

3 levels of technical rescue

A
  1. awareness: scene size up and identifying hazards
  2. operation: apply LIMITED techniques
  3. technician: apply advanced techniques
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2
Q

8 steps of special rescue situations

A
  1. preparation
  2. response
  3. arrival/scene size up
  4. stabilization of scene
  5. access
  6. disentanglement
  7. removal
  8. transport
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3
Q

UCAN format for size up

A

Unit, Conditions, Actions, Needs

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4
Q

most common and dangerous hazard on rescue scenes

A

ongoing traffic

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5
Q

traffic incident management (TIM)

A

controlling flow of traffic to enhance safety and efficient rescue ops

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6
Q

what is the foundation of effective technical rescue incidents

A

incident command system

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7
Q

3 guidelines for rescue scene

A

approach scene cautiously
position apparatus properly
assist specialized team as needed

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8
Q

outer and inner circle surveys

A

outer: first, area surrounding scene
inner: heart of the TRI, 360 if possible

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9
Q

three control zones

A

hot zone: (red tape) entry/rescue teams, its size is proportional to its hazards
warm zone: (orange tape) trained/equipped personnel, decon
cold zone: (yellow) outer perimeter where vehicles/equipment is staged, command post

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10
Q

who publishes the Emergency Response Guidebook

A

US Dept of Transportation (DOT)

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11
Q

how far to park from electrical hazard

A

one full telephone pole span (50ft)

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12
Q

how far away must ground/aerial ladders be from electrical lines

A

at least 10ft

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13
Q

what two things increase risk of electrocution

A

increased air humidity and increased voltage in line

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14
Q

primary responsibility of paramedic at technical rescue incident

A

patient care

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15
Q

simple vs complex access

A

simple: hand tools
complex: special tools

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16
Q

unless there is an immediate threat, what should be performed before disentanglement

A

primary assessment and crucial interventions

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17
Q

disentanglement

A

freeing patients from area or object in which they are trapped

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18
Q

what device is used to stabilize a sitting patient

A

KED (Kendrick Extrication Device)

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19
Q

packaging

A

prepping patient for movement as a unit using backboard or similar device

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20
Q

carrying a standard basket stretcher involves a team of how many

A

6-8

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21
Q

who is in charge of coordinating movement of the stokes basket

A

person at the front of the left side

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22
Q

when is more than one carrying team needed

A

distance further than 15-20 minutes

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23
Q

leapfrogging

A

one team takes litter for a given distance while other team goes ahead to rest and plan for next stretch

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24
Q

what is the caterpillar/lap pass

A

when there’s an obstacle, all rescuers line up and sit down ahead of terrain/obstacle ALTERNATING
rescuers pass stretcher down between the two lines

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25
Q

posts of a car

A

A post: form sides of windshield
B post: between front and rear doors
C post: behind the rear doors
D posts: SUVs (also posts E, F, G, etc)

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26
Q

the hood covers ____

A

engine compartment

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27
Q

the bulkhead divides ___

A

engine compartment from passenger compartment

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28
Q

rocker panels are _____

A

metal below the doors between the front and rear wheel wells

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29
Q

most modern vehicles have what type of construction

A

unibody: body and frame of vehicle are fused together

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30
Q

what are crumple zones

A

on front and rear of car made to collapse on impact to absorb the force of a crash and prevent intrusion

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31
Q

what are alternative-power vehicles

A

vehicle that runs on anything other than gasoline or diesel fuel

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32
Q

types of electric vehicle power (3)

A

hydrogen fuel cells
all-electric batteries
hybrid (gas and electric)

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33
Q

high voltage wires in electric car are what color

A

orange

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34
Q

what type of fuel do power fleet vehicles use

A

liquefied petroleum gas (Autogas)

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35
Q

how does ethanol or methanol burn

A

bright blue “invisible” on clear day

methanol burns without smoke

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36
Q

how far should key fobs be from smart key ignition systems

A

30ft

37
Q

what volt battery do electric vehicles have

A

12V

38
Q

examples of striking tools

A

hammers, mallets

39
Q

examples of leverage/prying/spreading tools

A

pry bar, halligan

40
Q

example of cutting tools

A

trauma shears, glass hand saw

41
Q

example of lifting/pushing/pulling tools

A

hooks, pike poles

42
Q

most basic support for vehicle stabilization

A

cribbing

43
Q

5 directional movements of a stabilized vehicle

A

horizontal, vertical, roll, bounce, yaw

44
Q

what type of glass are side and rear windows

A

tempered glass, shatters into small pieces and easily

45
Q

what type of glass are windshields made of

A

laminated glass, cracks but remains intact
glass sandwiched between layers of flexible plastic

46
Q

what to place on outside of window before breaking if time permits

A

tape with “star of life” to minimize shattering

47
Q

goal of disentanglement

A

remove sheet metal and plastic from around patient NOT cut patient out of vehicle

48
Q

abbreviations on airbag systems

A

SRS (supplemental restraint system)
HPS (head protection system)

49
Q

how long can airbag computer retain power after vehicle power is cut

A

10-30 mins

50
Q

distance to maintain around airbags that have not deployed
side impact:
driver side:
passenger side:

A

side: 5 inches
drivers side: 10 inches
passenger side: 20 inches

51
Q

how to move a dashboard crushing a patient

A

dash roll, lifts it up and forward
cutting both A posts (4 cuts) and using hydraulic ram

52
Q

hydrogen sulfide

A

colorless, toxic, flammable, pungent odor
heavier than air

53
Q

carbon monoxide

A

colorless, ordorless, tasteless

54
Q

carbon dioxide

A

colorless, sour taste, stinging sensation

55
Q

methane

A

will cause burns if ignited

56
Q

ammonia

A

toxic, corrosive, pungent odor
lighter than air

57
Q

nitrogen dioxide

A

toxic red-brown gas, sharp biting odor

58
Q

what is used for stabilization during excavations

A

shoring

59
Q

what increases probability of secondary collapse

A

vibrations or additional weight, water

60
Q

what is the spoil pile

A

soil removed from excavation into a pile

61
Q

most trench collapses occur in what size trench

A

12ft deep and 6ft wide

62
Q

what side to approach a trench from

A

narrow side

63
Q

what is the water self-rescue position

A

faceup, arched position
lower back higher than feet, feet together facing towards direction of travel, arms at sides, head down, chin tucked, toes above surface of water

64
Q

how much faster does water cause heat loss than ambient air

A

25x

65
Q

how fast will someone die of hypothermia in 35 degree water

A

15-20 mins

66
Q

what is HELP

A

heat-escape-lessening position
floatation device - draw knees close to chest, arms close to sides of body, head and neck out of water

67
Q

what is the diving reflex

A

slowing of heart rate caused by submersion in cold water

68
Q

what is the cold-protective response

A

hypothermia protects vital organs from lack of oxygen

69
Q

how to remove patient from cold water

A

horizontal and minimize patient activity to avoid orthostatic changes or heart dysrhymthmias

70
Q

most common swift-water rescue scenarios

A

people attempting to drive through floodwaters

71
Q

what are the dangers associated with low-head dams

A

recirculating currents called the “boil”
low-head dams also known as drowning machines

72
Q

personal floatation devices are required for anyone working within how many feet of the water

A

10ft

73
Q

model most commonly used in water rescue

A

reach-throw-row-go

74
Q

what can be used to distribute weight of a rescuer on ice

A

ladder

75
Q

low-angle rescue operations

A

less than 35 degrees
ground is primary sup[ort, rope system is secondary

76
Q

steep-angle rescue operations

A

35 to 60 degrees

77
Q

high-angle rescue operations

A

more than 60 degrees
depend on rope not fixed surface

78
Q

search vs rescue

A

search: looking for lost person
rescue: removing person from hostile environment

79
Q

EMS role in search and rescue

A

stand by at search base until person is found

80
Q

particular hazard on farms

A

tractor power take-off shaft which can become entangled

81
Q

typical machine hazards

A

pinch points, wrap points, shear points, crush points, pull-in points

82
Q

what was the Hartford Consensus

A

THREAT mnemonic
Threat suppression
Hemorrhage control
Rapid Extrication to safety
Assessment by medical providers
Transport to definitive care

83
Q

what is compartment syndrome

A

in chest, abdomen, or extremity when crushed over 4-6 hours
buildup of lactic acid and metabolic wastes
when patient is removed, BP tanks and toxic materials are released into the blood system
pronounced peaked T waves on ECG

84
Q

how to treat compartment syndrome

A

PPV, sodium bicarb, calcium, fluid

85
Q

nonpharmacologic pain management vs pharmacologic pain management

A

nonpharmacologic: position of comfort, splinting, padding
pharmocologic: meds

86
Q

how much does water weigh per gallon

A

8.37lbs

87
Q

two types of stokes baskets

A

rigid chicken wire mesh (better for water and air rescue)
rigid fiberglass or plastic (better for all other rescues)

88
Q

what variables affect hydraulics of moving water

A

depth, velocity, obstruction of flow

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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