A&P CHAPTER 26: PREGNANCY AND DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
PRENATAL PERIOD
FERTILIZATION TO BIRTH
POSTNATAL PERIOD
BIRTH TO DEATH
GESTATION
TIME SPENT IN PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
PREMATURE VS POSTMATURE
PRE: BEFORE 37 WEEKS
POST: BEYOND 42 WEEKS
SEQUENCE OF PREEMBRYONIC STRUCTURES
ZYGOTE
MORULA
BLASTOCYST
WHERE DOES THE ZYGOTE BIND TO
IMPLANTS IN THE ENDOMETRIUM
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
HCG - PRODUCED BY PLACENTA, OVERRIDING HYPOTHALAMUS TO PROMOTE CONTINUOUS SECRETION OF PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN
WHAT DO PREGNANCY TESTS MEASURE TO DETERMINE
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
WHEN IS THE EMBRYO RENAMED A FETUS
8 WEEKS
WHAT DOES THE PLACENTA DO
PROVIDE NUTRITION, OXYGEN, HORMONES, AND REMOVES WASTES
PLACENTAL LACTOGEN
STIMULATE BREAST DEVELOPMENT AND PREPARES MAMMARY GLANDS FOR MILK SECRETION
RELAXIN
STOPS UTERINE CONTRACTIONS AND RELAXES PELVIS
WHAT IS IN THE CORE OF THE UMBILICAL CORD
EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED WHARTON’S JELLY
ECTODERMAL CELLS PRODUCE WHAT IN FETUS
NERVOUS SYSTEM, SENSORY ORGANS, SKIN, HAIR, NAILS, MOUTH, ANUS
MESODERMAL CELLS PRODUCE WHAT IN FETUS
MUSCLE, BONE, BLOOD, LYMPHATIC VESSELS, CONNECTIVE TISSUE
ENDODERMAL CELLS PRODUCE WHAT IN FETUS
GI TRACT, RESP TRACT, URINARY TRACT
UMBILICAL VEIN DOES WHAT
CARRIES OXYGEN RICH BLOOD FROM PLACENTA TO FETUS
TERATOGENS
CAUSE CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS BY INTERFERING WITH PRENATAL GROWTH/DEVELOPMENT
WHAT WEEK CAN FETUS GENDER BE DETERMINED
12TH
PREECLAMPSIA
HYPERTENSION AND PROTEINURIA
MAY DEVELOP INTO ECLAMPSIA (SEIZURE)
ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE
PREMATURE DETACHMENT OF PLACENTA FROM UTERINE WALL
CAUSES BLEEDING, ABDOMINAL PAIN, FETAL DISTRESS
PLACENTA PREVIA
PLACENTA IS IMPLANTED ABORMALLY IN THE UTERUS AND COVERS THE CERVIS
HEMORRHAGE, NO PAIN
OXYTOCIN’S ROLE IN BIRTH
RELEASED FROM PITUITARY GLAND - STIMULATES CONTRACTIONS
3 STAGES TO LABOR
DILATION
EXPULSION
PLACENTAL
DILATION STAGE OF LABOR
‘TRUE LABOR’ RHYTHMIC CONTRACTIONS
DILATION OF CERVIX
WATER BREAKING
EXPULSION STAGE OF LABOR
FETUS EMERGES FROM VAGINA
HOW IS NEWBORN HEALTH ASSESSED
APGAR
APPEARANCE, PULSE, GRIMACE, ACTIVITY, RESPIRATION
EACH IS WORTH 2 POINTS UP TO 10 TOTAL
PLACENTAL STAGE OF LABOR
PLACENTA EXPELLED FROM UTERUS
DIZYGOTIC VS MONOZYGOTIC
DIZYGOTIC: FRATERNAL TWINS (2 SEPARATE OOCYTES ARE FERTILIZED)
MONOZYGOTIC: IDENTICAL TWINS (BLASTOMERES SEPARATE EARLY IN CLEAVAGE)
DIVIDING LINE BETWEEN SPONTANEOUS ABORTION AND IMMATURE DELIVERY
17.5OZ
WHAT IS A BREECH BIRTH
INFANT’S LEGS OR BUTT ENTER VAGINAL CANAL BEFORE THE HEAD
PROLACTIN
STIMULATE MAMMARY GLANDS TO SECRETE MILK
COLOSTRUM
WATERY FLUID SECRETED BEFORE MILK
CONTRAINS MORE PROTEIN AND ANTIBODIES
NEONATAL PERIOD
BIRTH TO END OF FIRST 4 WEEKS
INFANCY
END OF WEEK 4 TO 1 YEAR
CHILDHOOD
ONE YEAR TO PUBERTY
ADOLESCENCE
PUBERTY TO ADULTHOOD
ADULTHOOD
ADOLESCENCE TO OLD AGE
SENESCENCE
OLD AGE TO DEATH
