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PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > A&P CHAPTER 2: CHEMICAL BASICS OF LIFE > Flashcards

A&P CHAPTER 2: CHEMICAL BASICS OF LIFE Flashcards

1
Q

CHEMISTRY

A

SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER

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2
Q

MATTER

A

DESCRIBES ALL THINGS OCCUPYING SPACE AND HAVING MASS

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3
Q

PROTONS

A

POSITIVE CHARGE

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4
Q

NEUTRONS

A

NEUTRAL (UNCHARGED)

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5
Q

ELECTRONS

A

NEGATIVE CHARGE

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6
Q

HOW IS ATOM’S MASS DETERMINED

A

NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN ITS NUCLEUS

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7
Q

ATOMIC NUMBER

A

NUMBER OF PROTONS IN AN ATOM

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8
Q

ISOTOPE

A

ELEMENT’S ATOMS HAVE SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS BUT DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS

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9
Q

ATOM

A

TINY PARTICLES THAT COMPOSE ELEMENTS

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10
Q

MOLECULE

A

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF ATOMS HELD TOGETHER BY COVALENT BONDS

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11
Q

MIXTURES

A

SUBSTANCES CONTAINING TWO OR MORE COMPONENTS

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12
Q

COLLOIDS

A

AKA EMULSIONS
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
LARGE SOLUTE PARTICLES THAT DO NOT SETTLE

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13
Q

SOLUTIONS

A

HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES

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14
Q

SOLVENT

A

LARGEST SUBSTANCE PRESENT IN MIXTURE
DISSOLVING MEDIUM

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15
Q

SOLUTES

A

SMALLER SUBSTANCE PRESENT IN MIXTURE

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16
Q

SUSPENSIONS

A

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
LARGE SOLUTES THAT SETTLE

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17
Q

COMPOUND

A

TWO IDENTICAL MOLECULES

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18
Q

IONS

A

ATOMS THAT EITHER GAIN OR LOSE ELECTRONS

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19
Q

IONIC BOND

A

BOND DUE TO TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS

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20
Q

CATIONS

A

POSITIVE IONS

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21
Q

ANIONS

A

NEGATIVE IONS

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22
Q

COVALENT BOND

A

BOND DUE TO SHARING OF ELECTRONS

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23
Q

NONPOLAR MOLECULES

A

ELECTRICALLY BALANCED

24
Q

POLAR MOLECULES

A

UNEQUAL ELECTRON PAIR SHARING

25
Q

DIPOLE

A

MOLECULE WITH TWO POLES OF CHARGE

26
Q

HYDROGEN BOND

A

BOND WHEN POSITIVE HYDROGEN END OF POLAR MOLECULE IS ATTRACTED TO NEGATIVE NITROGEN OR OXYGEN END OF ANOTHER POLAR MOLECULE
WEAK BONDS
EXAMPLES: PROTEINS AND DNA

27
Q

CHEMICAL REACTION

A

OCCURS WHEN CHEMICAL BOND IS FORMED, BROKEN, OR REARRANGED

28
Q

REACTANTS

A

REACTING SUBSTANCES IN CHEMICAL REACTION

29
Q

PRODUCTS

A

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE RESULTS OF CHEMICAL REACTION

30
Q

SYNTHESIS REACTIONS

A

TWO OR MORE REACTANTS BOND TO FORM MORE COMPLEX PRODUCT OR STRUCTURE
EXAMPLE: GROWTH AND REPAIR OF TISSUES

31
Q

DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS

A

BONDS WITHIN REACTANT MOLECULE BREAK AND FORM SOMETHING SIMPLER
EXAMPLE: DIGESTION

32
Q

EXCHANGE REACTIONS

A

REACTING MOLECULES ARE MOVED AROUND TO PRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS

33
Q

REVERSIBLE REACTIONS

A

PRODUCTS OF THE REACTION CAN CHANGE BACK INTO THE REACTANTS THEY ORIGINALLY WERE

34
Q

ACIDS

A

ELECTROLYTES THAT RELEASE HYDROGEN IONS IN WATER LESS THAN 7 PH

35
Q

BASES

A

ELECTROLYTES THAT RELEASE HYDROXIDE
GREATER THAN 7 PH

36
Q

NEUTRAL PH

A

7
EQUAL HYDROGEN AND HYDROXIDE IONS

37
Q

ACIDOSIS AND TWO TYPES

A

BLOOD PH LESS THAN 7.35
METABOLIC: KIDNEYS CANT REMOVE KETONES
RESPIRATORY: TOO MUCH CARBON DIOXIDE IN BLOOD

38
Q

ALKALOSIS AND TWO TYPES

A

BLOOD PH MORE THAN 7.45
METABOLIC: DECREASED HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION
RESPIRATORY: INCREASED RESPIRATIONS

39
Q

BUFFERS

A

CHEMICALS THAT RESIST PH CHANGES
EXAMPLE: SODIUM BICARBONATE

40
Q

5 PROPERTIES OF WATER

A

CUSHIONING (PROTECTION OF ORGANS AGAINST TRAUMA)
HIGH HEAT CAPACTIY (ABSORBS/RELEASE HEAT BEFORE WATER ITSELF CHANGES TEMP)
HIGH VAPORIZATION HEAT (CHANGING FROM LIQUID TO GAS DURING SWEATING)
POLAR SOLVENT PROPERTIES (UNIVERSAL SOLVENT FOR REACTIONS IN BODY)
REACTIVITY (IMPORTANT REACTANT IN MANY CHEMICAL REACTIONS)

41
Q

SALTS

A

COMPOUNDS OF OPPOSITELY CHARGED IONS THAT ARE ABUNDANT IN TISSUE FLUIDS
IONIC COMPOUND

42
Q

SALT’S FUNCTION IN BODY

A

HARDEN BONES
TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES TO AND FROM CELLS
MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
NERVE IMPULSE CONDUCTION

43
Q

ORGANIC CHEMICALS

A

CONTAIN THE ELEMENTS CARBON, HYDROGEN AND USUALLY OXYGEN

44
Q

INORGANIC CHEMICALS

A

AKA ELECTROLYTES
DO NOT CONTAIN ANY ELEMENTS

45
Q

CARBOHYDRATES

A

PROVIDE MUCH OF THE ENERGY REQUIRED BY BODY’S CELLS

46
Q

LIPIDS

A

INSOLUBLE IN WATER
PROVIDE TWICE THE ENERGY OF CARBS
HELP MAINTAIN BODY TEMP

47
Q

PROTEINS

A

MUST ABUNDANT ORGANIC COMPONENTS OF BODY
BASIC STRUCTURAL MATERIALS OF BODY

48
Q

NUCLEIC ACIDS

A

LARGE ORGANIC MOLECULES THAT CARRY GENETIC INFO OR FORM STRUCTURES WITHIN CELLS

49
Q

DNA

A

ENCODE INFO NEEDED TO BUILD PROTEINS
CONTROLS BODY CHARACTERISTICS

50
Q

RNA

A

COOOPERATE TO MANUFACTURE PROTEINS USING INFO FROM DNA

51
Q

3 TYPES OF RNA

A

MESSENGER
TRANSFER
RIBOSOMAL

52
Q

MAJOR ELEMENTS IN BODY

A

OXYGEN
CARBON
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
CALCIUM

53
Q

IMPORTANT BUFFER IN BODY FLUIDS

A

SODIUM BICARBONATE

54
Q

WHAT COMPOSES NUCLEIC ACIDS

A

NUCLEOTIDES

55
Q

MOST IMPORTANT HIGH ENERGY COMPOUND IN CELLS

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

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