99. Travel Medicine (2%) Flashcards

1
Q

Assurez-vous que les voyageurs reçoivent des conseils à jour, opportuns et spécifiques à leur itinéraire (p. ex., clinique de voyage, site Web de voyage).

A
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2
Q

Lorsque vous recevez des patients qui planifient un voyage, discutez des dangers courants, non infectieux liés aux voyages.

Nommez des examples. (4)

A
  • accidents
  • rapports sexuels non protégés
  • alcool
  • voyage sécuritaire pour les femmes
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3
Q

Chez les patients qui présentent des symptômes d’infection sans cause évidente, surtout ceux qui ont de la fièvre, informez-vous au sujet des voyages récents afin de déterminer les sources possibles d’infection.

Surtout, mais pas exclusivement, quelle maladie ?

A

Paludisme

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4
Q

Offrez des conseils de prévention et de traitement et prescrivez des médicaments contre certains problèmes couramment associés aux voyages.

Nommez des examples (2)

A
  • diarrhée du voyageur
  • mal de l’altitude
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5
Q

Assurez-vous que les patients comprennent comment prendre en charge leur maladie chronique pendant leur voyage (p. ex., diabète, asthme, rapport international normalisé [RIN]).

A
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6
Q

Profitez des visites du patient qui vous consulte pour des conseils de voyage pour mettre à jour sa vaccination de routine.

A
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7
Q

Recommandez aux patients de vérifier leur couverture d’assurance, surtout en ce qui concerne les changements récents liés à une maladie chronique et à tout changement de traitement récent

A
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8
Q

Conseillez aux patients qui emportent des médicaments en voyage de s’assurer d’en avoir suffisamment, d’avoir la documentation concernant leur utilisation et de les transporter en toute sécurité (p. ex. bagages de cabine).

A
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9
Q

Describe prevention : Malaria (Plasmodium)

A
  • Vêtements
  • DEET
  • moustiquaires avec perméthrine
    *
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10
Q

Describe antimalarial prophylaxis

A
  • Begin prior to trip, continue during and after
  • Most commonly used : Malarone (only for 7 days after exposure), doxycycline (cheap, photosensitivity rash, need for 30 days after exposure)
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11
Q

Name DDX fever in returning traveler (5)

A
  • Malaria (Plasmodium) - leading cause of fever 21%
  • Dengue, Chiungunya, Zika
  • Enteric / Typhoid fever
  • Rickettsial (Spotted Rocky Mountain Fever) r/o scrub typhus
  • Tuberculosis
  • Traveler’s diarrhea
  • Respiratory infections
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12
Q

Describe antimalarial prophylaxis in pregnancy

A

AVOID TRAVEL
Less commonly used :
* Mefloquine
* Primaquine
* Chloroquine

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13
Q

Describe : Antimalarial tx

A

Prophylaxis drugs +
* Artemisinin

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14
Q

Name : Enteric / Typhoid fever

Rickettsial (Spotted Rocky Mountain Fever) r/o scrub typhus

Tuberculosis

A
  • Hepatitis A/B
  • Rabies vaccine (adventure trips lasting more than 4 weeks)
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15
Q

Name country specific vaccines (5)

A
  • Vaccin contre la typhoïde (South Asia)
  • Meningitis vaccine (Meningitis belt, Hajj)
  • Yellow fever vaccine (African, South American countries). Must be given at designated clinic for official certificate
  • Japanese encephalitis vaccine (Rural Asia)
  • Antimalarials
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16
Q

Describe : Traveler’s Diarrhea

A

Self-limited (ETEC, campylobacter, salmonella)

17
Q

Describe prevention : Traveler’s Diarrhea

A
  • Hand hygiene, peel, cook, bottled water (exposure to local tap water including ice cubes and uncooked vegetables)
  • ETEC/cholera oral vaccine [Dukoral] (prevents only 1-7%)
  • 2 Bismuth Subsalicylate tablets 4 times daily (prevents up to 60%)
18
Q

Name side effets : Bismuth Subsalicylate

A
  • Black tongue
  • black stools
  • tinnitus
  • constipation
19
Q

Describe tx : Traveler’s Diarrhea (4)

A
  • Oral rehydration solution
  • Loperamide
  • Azithromycin
  • Bismuth subsalicylate
20
Q

Describe prophylaxis : Altitude Sickness

A

Acetazolamide

21
Q

Describe tx : Altitude sickness

A
  • Descent
  • Oxygen (1-3L/min)
  • Analgesic (eg. Acetaminophen. NSAIDs)
  • Antiemetic (eg. Ondansetron)
  • Acetazolamide
  • Dexmaethasone
22
Q

Describe complication : Altitude sickness

A
  • In High Altitude Cerebral Edema (encephalopathy and ataxia, usually above 4000m)
  • Consider immediate descent
  • Dexamethasone
23
Q

Describe tx : Motion sickness

A
  • Visual cues congruous with vestibular cues (eg. view the horizon from the deck of a ship)
  • Lying supine
  • Ginger, acupressure
  • Anticholinergic medication (care in elderly or risk of angle closure glaucoma)
  • Dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, transdermal scopolamine (patch 72h)