95. Substance Use and Addiction (60%) Flashcards

1
Q

Chez tous les patients, et particulièrement dans les groupes à risque élevé (p. ex., maladie mentale, incapacité chronique), profitez de toutes les occasions pour dépister quoi?

A

l’usage de substances (tabac, alcool, autres substances).

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2
Q

Chez un patient qui consomme de l’alcool ou d’autres substances (y compris les patients qui ne consomment qu’occasionnellement), discutez de quoi?

A
  • Discutez de l’impact possible de la consommation sur eux-mêmes et sur autrui (p. ex., risque pour les enfants, indiscrétions sexuelles)
  • Discutez en détail des stratégies de réduction des méfaits (p. ex., échange de seringues, pas d’alcool au volant, immunisations)
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3
Q

Pour tout patient qui présente un déclin fonctionnel, une confusion ou un délire, évaluer l’usage d’alcool ou de substances et le sevrage, même lorsque d’autres causes semblent plus évidentes.

A
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4
Q

En présence de signaux d’alarme, discutez de l’usage de substances avec les adolescents, leurs proches ou les autres intervenants.

Nommez des examples

A
  • échec scolaire
  • changement de comportement
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5
Q

Considérez et recherchez l’usage de substances comme facteur étiologique possible en présence de problèmes qui ne répondent pas favorablement à une intervention appropriée.

Nommez des examples.

A
  • usage d’alcool chez les patients atteints d’hypertriglycéridémie
  • inhalation de drogues chez un asthmatique
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6
Q

Chez un patient atteint d’une affection médicale traitée par opioïdes, stimulants ou sédatifs, ou hypnotiques,

Discutez et réévaluez quoi?

A
  • Réévaluez régulièrement le problème clinique pour confirmer qu’ils ont toujours besoin du médicament.
  • Discutez d’un plan de sevrage menant à l’arrêt lorsque cela est indiqué
  • Discutez du danger et de la sécurité du médicament (p. ex., entreposage, risque pour les enfants, détournement, mésusage)
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7
Q

Pour un patient qui demande ou qui nécessite une nouvelle ordonnance d’opioïdes, de stimulants ou de tranquillisants,
* a) Évaluez la consommation d’alcool et de substance
* b) Expliquez clairement les bienfaits et les risques, et ne prescrivez pas avant d’avoir évalué et réduit les risques de mésusage

A
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8
Q

Chez les personnes faisant usage de substance, ou présentant un trouble lié à l’usage de substances, explorez régulièrement leur volonté de changer leurs habitudes de consommation.

A
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9
Q

What’s the DX of substance abuse ?

A

Classified by 2+ of the following within a 12-month period

TRIED ALL CAP

  • T – Tolerance (needing more substance to achieve the same effect)
  • R – Risky use (continued use despite danger)
  • I – Interpersonal issues (social problems due to use)
  • E – Excessive use (using more than intended)
  • D – Desire to cut down (unsuccessful attempts to stop or reduce use)
  • A – Activities given up (important social or recreational activities reduced)
  • L – Large amounts/time spent (a lot of time spent using, obtaining, or recovering)
  • L – Lack of control (persistent use despite knowing consequences)
  • C – Craving (strong desire to use the substance)
  • A – Avoiding obligations (failure to fulfill work, school, or home duties)
  • P – Physical dependence (Withdrawal) (withdrawal symptoms when stopping)

Mild 2-3, Moderate 4-5, Severe 6+

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10
Q

Describe General Approach (5 As) of Substance Abuse

A
  • Ask (Identify and document at each visit)
  • Assess
  • Advise (brief intervention best provided after asking for permission)
  • Assist
  • Arrange Follow-up
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11
Q

Describe general approach: Ask

A

Routine screening for substance use in all populations, especially those with risk factors:

  • Psychiatric disease, chronic disability, family or personal history of substance use disorder
  • Associated symptoms, eg. Functional decline, confusion, delirium, syncope
  • Associated medical problems, especially if not responding to appropriate intervention (alcohol in hypertriglyceridemia, inhalation drugs in asthmatic)
  • Prescription medication that are commonly misused (opioids, sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics, stimulants)

Substance use history should include

  • Amount
  • Frequency
  • Duration of use
  • Last use
  • Signs of tolerance/withdrawal
  • Affect on function
  • Safety of patient and others
  • Consider substance-specific screening tools (eg. AUDIT, CAGE)
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12
Q

Describe general approach: Assess (4)

A
  • Readiness for change
  • Safety and related risks (eg. children, risk of STI through IV drug use or sex)
  • Causes for substance use
  • Other pertinent medical information (eg. vaccines, medications, past medical and psychiatric history, etc…)
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13
Q

Describe general approach: Advise (4)

A

Provide clear advice to change

Offer feedback on the patient’s personal risk or impairment

Explain benefits of change

Emphasize that the patient is responsible for changing their use; he or she must decide how

  • Identify the problem, explain why change is important, ask how their life would improve without substance, advocate specific changes
  • Choose a focused goal patient responds to (SMART goal: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-based)
  • If abstinence not desired, provide counselling on harm reduction (e.g., no drinking-and-driving, using clean needles, having drug supply tested before use, never using alone)
  • Reinforcing the patient’s self-efficacy or belief in his or her competence to change behavior
  • Clinician should state their belief that the patient can make a change
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14
Q

Describe general approach: Assist (3)

A
  • Identify and address barriers
  • Develop care plan (psychosocial and pharmacological therapy)
  • Provide resources/providers (referrals)
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15
Q

Name general Safety recommendations (5)

A
  • Do not share medication
  • Do not receive medications from other sources
  • Store medication in secure location (out of reach of children, adolescents)
  • Ensure regular visits to healthcare provider, and regular urine samples for drug screens as requested
  • Inform your healthcare provider of any changes to health, and if you would like to adjust your prescribed dose
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16
Q

Nommez des examples de pharmaco dans l’usage de substance

A
  • méthadone (opioïde)
  • acamprosate (ROH)
  • naltrexone/revia (ROH)
17
Q

Chez les patients aux prises avec un trouble lié à l’usage de
substances, profitez des occasions pour dépister les comorbidités.

Nommez les. (5)

A
  • pauvreté
  • criminalité
  • infections transmissibles sexuellement
  • troubles de santé mentale
  • les complications à long terme (p. ex. cirrhose).
18
Q

Nommez recommandations sur quantité alcool

A

Don’t exceed 2 drinks on any day
Par semaine :
* 0-2 = Low health risk
* 3-6 = Mod
* 7 + = High

19
Q

Name long-term tx for ROH (4)

A
  • Naltrexone
  • Acamprosate
  • Gabapentin
  • Topiramate
20
Q

Nommer les options thérapeutiques par agonistes opioïdes

A

Méthadone
Suboxone

21
Q

Name side effets of opioid agonist therapy

A

CAT
Constipation
Amenorrhea
Low testosterone