8. Atrial Fibrillation (3%) Flashcards

1
Q

Chez un patient qui manifeste une fibrillation auriculaire d’apparition récente, recherchez quoi ?

A

une cause sous-jacente
* maladie ischémique
* infarctus aigu du myocarde
* insuffisance cardiaque
* cardiomyopathie
* embolie pulmonaire
* hyperthyroïdie
* alcool
* etc.

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2
Q

Chez un patient qui présente une fibrillation auriculaire,
* a) Recherchez une instabilité hémodynamique.
* b) Intervenez rapidement et de manière appropriée afin de stabiliser l’état du patient

A
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3
Q

Chez une personne qui présente une fibrillation auriculaire chronique ou paroxystique, quoi faire ?

A
  • Explorez le besoin d’une anticoagulation fondée sur le risque d’AVC
  • Réévaluez périodiquement le besoin d’anticoagulation
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4
Q

Chez un patient souffrant de fibrillation auriculaire, quand la décision de recourir à l’anticoagulation a été prise, commencez la thérapie appropriée et l’éducation, en élaborant un plan de suivi détaillé.

A
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5
Q

Chez un patient stable souffrant de fibrillation auriculaire, identifiez le besoin du contrôle de la ___

A

fréquence cardiaque.

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6
Q

Chez un patient stable souffrant de fibrillation auriculaire, prenez des dispositions pour la correction du ___ lorsque nécessaire.

A

rythme

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7
Q

How to screen for AFIB ?

A

Check pulse or rhythm in every patient > age 65

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8
Q

Describe general managemt of AFIB (3)

A
  • CAUSE : Detect and tx causes (PIRATES mnemonic)
  • CLOT RISK : Anticoagulate if CHADS65 > 0
  • CONTROL : Attempt rate control (BBlocker or CCB.
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9
Q

When to do rhythm control ?

A

Unstable, Cardiovert, poor qualtiy of life
* Marked sx
* Cadiomyopathy

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10
Q

Name possible causes of AFIB

A

PIRATES
* P - Pulmonary embolism
* I - Ischemic heart disease, inflammation (myocarditis), idiopathic/iatrogenic
* R - Rheumatic heart disease (mitral regurgitation or stenosis)
* A - Alcohol, anemia, atrial enalrgement/myxoma, age
* T - Thyroid disorder (hyperTA)
* E - Electrolyte abnormalities, electrocution, exacerbation of CHF
* S - Sepsis, surgery (recent), stimulants, sleep apnea

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11
Q

When to do cardioversion ? Before or after anticoagulation ?

A
  • If hemodynamically unstable OR low clot risk (non-valvular + < 12 hrs + no recent stroke/TIA, OR < 12048hrs and CHADS2 <2) = Anticoagulate now and cardiovert now
  • If high clot risk = OAC for >= 3 weeks OR ETO then cardiovert
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12
Q

More success in electric cardioversion if < __ hrs since onset

A

< 48 hrs

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13
Q

When to use OAC ? (CHADS-65)

A

Use OAC if
* C - CHF
* H - HTN
* A - Age 65+
* D - DB
* S2 - Stroke/TIA/Embolism

If none of the above, is there coronary /aortic vascular disease ? If YES = use antiplatelet agents (ex. ASA). If NO, no antithrombic.

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14
Q

What is the HASBLED score ?

A

Estimates risk of major bleeding for patients on anticoagulation to ssess risk-benefit in AFIB care

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15
Q

Describe HASBLED score

A

H - HTA > 160
A - Abnormal liver/renal function
S - Stroke
B - Bleeding
L - Labile INR
E - Elderly > 65
D - Drugs or alcohol

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16
Q

Name examples of long-term rhythm control

A

Amiodarone
Catheter ablation

17
Q

Name examples of long-term rate control

A
  • B-Blocker
  • Non-dihydropyridine CCB (diltiazem, verapamil)
  • If ineffective : B-Blocker + ND-CCB or add digoxin
18
Q

What tx to use for valvular causes of AFIB

A

No DOACS for valvular AFIB
Use WARFARIN