41. Fracture (4%) - RC Flashcards

1
Q

Devant un polytraumatisé, stabilisez d’abord le patient avant de vous occuper des fractures.

C’est quoi les premières étapes de la stabilisation ?

A
  • voies respiratoires
  • ventilation
  • circulation
  • blessures qui mettent la vie en danger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lorsque vous examinez un patient avec une fracture, évaluez l’état neuro-vasculaire. Examinez les articulations au-dessus et au-dessous de la blessure.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chez les patients où vos soupçons de fracture sont susceptibles de donner des résultats radiologiques normaux, traitez en fonction de vos suspicions cliniques, même si les radiographies sont normales.

Nommez des examples de ces fx

A
  • scaphoïde dans les blessures du poignet
  • coude
  • plaque de croissance chez l’enfant
  • fractures de stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Identifiez et traitez adéquatement les fractures qui nécessitent une immobilisation et/ou une réduction urgente.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lorsque vous soupçonnez une fracture, procurez une analgésie rapide (c.-à-d. avant les radiographies) et adéquate (p. ex. narcotiques).

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chez les patients victimes d’une fracture, recherchez et diagnostiquez les complications possibles.

Nommez des examples

A
  • fracture ouverte
  • instabilité de la colonne cervicale
  • syndrome du compartiment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Utilisez les algorithmes décisionnels (p. ex., critères d’Ottawa pour la cheville, critères pour la colonne cervicale ou pour les genoux) afin de vous guider dans la prescription des radiographies.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe ABCDs of fractures

A
  • Artery (No pulse ? Reduce fx)
  • Analgesia
  • ATBs
  • Brace /splint
  • Consult ortho ? Compartment syndrome
  • Document Examine nerves
  • Stick them with Tetanus vaccine +/- Ig
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name ATBs to use in fractures : without dirt

A

Cefazolin (Ancef)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name ATBs to use in fractures : with dirt

A

Ancef + Flagyl, or ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name ATBs to use in fractures : with seawater

A

Pip-tazo + doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Can compartment syndrome occur in trauma without fx ?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When to use tetanus immunoglobulin ?

A

Use for dirty wound ro underimmunized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe foot and ankle ottawa rule

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe ottawa knee rule

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe stress fracture

A

Suspect if recent increase in activity or periosteal reaction on x-ray -> bone scan or MRI

17
Q

Describe Seymour fx

A
  • Distal phalanx facture
  • Fingernail into growth plate
  • Reduce and repair nail bed, fx, replace nail
18
Q

Describe scaphoid fx

A
  • Check and document snuff box with ulnar deviation
  • Tenderness : SPlint and xray wrist in 10-14 days or CT wrist
19
Q

Describe SALT-HARRIS

A

S : Slipped (Type 1)
A : Above (Type 2)
L : Lower (Type 3)
T : Through or transverse (Type 4)
R : Rammed (Type 5)

20
Q

Name redflags fx in ped (abuse)

A
  • Fracture but non-ambulatory
  • Femur < 12-18 months
  • Humerus < 18 months
  • Mutple, many healing stages
  • SKull
  • Metaphyseal (Bucket handle)
  • Rib (posterior)
21
Q

Describe : Fragility fx (4)

A
  • Suspect if mechanism doesn’t match fx
  • Most common : hip, spine, wrist
  • Suggests osteoporosis
  • Search for inciting event (stroke, seizure, syncope, hpovolemia, occult bleed, etc)
22
Q

Describe pathologic fx

A
  • Consider in al fx and when mechanism doesn’t match fx
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Metastatic disease
23
Q

Describe workup : Multiple myeloma

A
  • Hb
  • White cell count with differential
  • Peripheral Blood Smear
  • Serum Creatinine
  • eGFR
  • Serum ca
  • Serum Albumin
  • SPEP = Serum Protein Electrophoresis
  • UPEP = Urine Protein Electrophoresis
  • SFLC = Serum Free Light Chains