23. Dehydration (1%) Flashcards

1
Q

Lors de l’évaluation d’un patient gravement malade, recherchez des signes et symptômes de déshydratation (p. ex. recherchez une déshydratation chez un patient atteint de pneumonie débilitante).

A
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2
Q

Chez un patient déshydraté, évaluez le degré de déshydratation à l’aide d’indicateurs fiables.

Nommez un example

A

signes vitaux

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3
Q

Chez un patient déshydraté, évaluez le degré de déshydratation à l’aide d’indicateurs fiables (p. ex. signes vitaux), car l’état d’hydratation de certains patients peut être plus difficile à évaluer.

Nommez des examples

A
  • personnes âgées
  • très jeunes enfants
  • femmes enceintes
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4
Q

Lors du traitement d’une déshydratation grave, utilisez des mesures objectives afin d’orienter la prise en charge continue.

Nommez un example

A

valeurs de laboratoire

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5
Q

Chez un patient déshydraté,
* a) Déterminez la maladie ou la cause déclenchante, en vous concentrant particulièrement sur les causes non gastro-intestinales, notamment les causes liées aux médicaments ;
* b) Traitez la maladie déclenchante en même temps.

A
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6
Q

Traitez énergiquement une patiente enceinte déshydratée, car la grossesse est associée à des risques additionnels de déshydratation.

A
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7
Q

Name Symptoms of dehydration (7)

A
  • GI (N/V/D)
  • Skin (Fever/burns)
  • New medications (diuretics)
  • Increased thirst
  • Decrease urine/sweating/tears
  • Weight loss
  • Altered mental status, lethargy, irritability
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8
Q

Name : Signs of dehydration (9)

A
  • Orthostatic vitals (HR↑ >30bpm, sBP ↓> 20 or dBP ↓> 10mmHg)
  • Tachycardia, tachypnea
  • Hypotension in severe hypovolemia
  • Altered mental status
  • Dry mucosa
  • Sunken eyes
  • Skin turgor
  • Capillary refill >3s
  • Decreased urine output
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9
Q

Describe : Mild dehydration (3)

A
  • 3-5% volume lose
  • Absent clinical signs
  • Home-based treatment
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10
Q

Describe : Moderate dehydration (3)

A
  • 6-9% volume loss
  • Tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, irritability, delayed capillary refill, deep respirations, possible decreased urine output/tearing and sunken fontanelle
  • ORT (eg. Pedialyte, Enfalyte, breastmilk) x 1 hour, re-assess. If concerned, see treatment for severe
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

Describe sx : Severe dehydration (6)

A
  • ≥10% volume loss)
  • “Near-shock” hypotension
  • lethargy
  • altered mental status
  • delayed capillary refill
  • cool/mottled extremities
  • tachypnea
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13
Q

Describe tx : Severe dehydration (6)

A
  • Requires aggressive isotonic fluid resuscitation to prevent tissue injury
  • **20-40mL/kg IV NS over one hour **
  • Consider labs (concern if pH < 7.32, bicarb ≤ 17 mEq/L)
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14
Q

Name indications for IV tx

A
  • Inability for oral intake (mental status, ileus)
  • Inability to administer ORT (eg. no caregiver)
  • Persistent vomiting
  • Electrolyte abnormalities where ORT cannot be monitored
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15
Q

Describe labs : Dehydration (4)

A
  • Consider Venous or Capillary Blood Gas (pH, electrolytes)
  • +/- serum electrolytes (more reliable than blood gas)
  • Serum bicarbonate ≤ 17 mEq/L in children differentiates moderate-severe hypovolemia from mild
  • Use BUN/Creat ratio in adults
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16
Q

Describe maintenance hydration in children

A
  • (4-2-1 rule)
  • 1-10kg = 4 x Wt (kg) mL/hr
  • > 10-20kg = 40 + 2 x (Wt over 10kg) mL/hr
  • > 20kg = 60 + 1 x (Wt over 20kg) mL/hr
  • Max of 100mL/hr
  • Can use D5NS