83. Red eye (2%) Flashcards

1
Q

Évaluez toujours l’acuité visuelle par l’anamnèse, l’examen physique et l’échelle de Snellen.

A
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2
Q

Nommez des causes graves d’oeil rouge

A
  • kératite
  • glaucome
  • perforation
  • artérite temporale
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3
Q

Lorsqu’un patient consulte pour une sensation de corps étranger intraoculaire, posez correctement le diagnostic en clarifiant le mécanisme de la blessure.
Comment ?

A
  • haute vitesse
  • métal sur métal
  • absence de verres protecteurs
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4
Q

Nommez les investigations possibles pour sensation corps étrangers (2)

A

tomodensitométrie, radiographies

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5
Q

Lorsqu’un patient consulte pour une sensation de corps étranger, quoi faire à l’EP?

A

renversez les paupières pour éliminer la présence d’un corps étranger sous les paupières.

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6
Q

Chez les nouveau-nés atteints de conjonctivite (pas seulement un blocage des glandes lacrymales ou des sécrétions oculaires), recherchez quoi?

A

une cause systémique et traitez de façon appropriée (p. ex. antibiotiques).

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7
Q

Chez les patients atteints de conjonctivite, utilisez l’anamnèse et l’examen physique pour distinguer quoi ?

A

les causes allergiques ou infectieuses (virales ou bactériennes).

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8
Q

Lorsqu’un patient présente une conjonctivite bactérienne et qu’il porte des lentilles cornéennes, prescrivez une antibiothérapie qui couvre quoi?

A

le Pseudomonas.

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9
Q

Quand utiliser stéroïdes dans le tx d’oeil rouge ?

A
  • pour traiter une iritis
  • à éviter dans les cas de kératite et de conjonctivite
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10
Q

Chez les patients atteints d’iritis, recherchez des causes systémiques sous-jacentes. Nommez des examples

A
  • maladie de Crohn
  • lupus érythémateux
  • spondylite ankylosante
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11
Q

Name red eye red flags (3)

A
  • Douleur
  • Diminution de l’acuité visuelle
  • Anisocorie

REFER

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12
Q

What ATB to give to red eye + contact lens wearer ?

A

Rule out PSEUDOMONAS
Tx with fluoroquinolone (ex. : ciprofloxacine)

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13
Q

What DDX to think of if pain when blinking and when looking in the light

A
  • Iritis
  • Scleritis
  • Keratitis
  • Glaucoma
  • NOT PINKEYE
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14
Q

What DDX to think of if pinkeye and diarrhea

A

IBD

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15
Q

Patient has eye disease diagnosed by his ohptalmologist and needs a refill on his eye steroids. What to do ?

A

DON’T re-px
Risks = corneal ulcerations, HSV exacerbation, globe rupture, acute lgaucoma

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16
Q

Name ddx ophtalmia neonatorum (3)

A

Chlamydia
Staph, strep, haemophilus
Gonorrhea, viral

17
Q

Describe imaging for eye complaints

A
  • IRM pour la névrite optique
  • TDM pour la cellulite orbitaire
  • Échographie (généralement en cas de perte de vision due à un décollement de la rétine, et non à un œil rouge)
18
Q

Describe tx : Viral Conjunctivitis

A
  • Spontaneous remission 1-2w
  • Supportive, cold compresses, ocular decongestants, artificial tears
  • Strict hand washing/hygiene, avoid work if healthcare worker until eye discharge ceases
  • Refer if not resolved after 14d
19
Q

Identify

A

Kératite herpétique HSV

20
Q

When to refer Viral Conjunctivitis ?

A
  • Herpes Zoster Ophtalmicus (vesicular eruption)
  • Herpes Simplex Virus (dendritic epithelial defect)
21
Q

Describe tx : Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A
  • Fucidin, Erythromycin ointment
  • If suspect chlamydial conjunctivitis (sexually active), do not respond : erythromycin ophthalmic ointment, and azithromycin PO
  • If severe or contact lens, cover for pseudomonas
  • Ciprofloxacin
22
Q

When to refer : Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A
  • Hyperacute copious purulent discharge usually N. gonorrhea (see image)
  • Chronic >4w bacterial conjunctivitis
23
Q

Describe tx : Allergic Conjunctivitis

A
  • Avoid exposure, artifical tear, topical antihistamine H1 antagonist
  • Opatadine (Patanol) drops
24
Q

What to rule out in dry eye ?

A

Sjögren syndrome

25
Q

Describe tx : Dry Eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)

A

Artificial tears in day, lubricant ointments at night

26
Q

Identify

A

Blepharitis

27
Q

Describe tx : Blepharitis

A

Indefinite eyelid hygiene, gentle lid massage, warm compresses

28
Q

Describe tx : Corneal abrasion

A
  • Topical NSAIDs (diclofenac [Voltaren], ketorolac drop)
  • Topical Antibiotic : erythromycin 0.5% opht oint
  • If contact lens wearer, cover for pseudomonas (Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ofloxacin) -> Refer to opthalmology if corneal infiltrates
  • AVOID topical anesthetics (delay healing, symptom masking), patching, cycloplegics
29
Q

When to refer for Corneal abrasion

A
  • Symptoms worsen or do not resolve in 48h
  • Branching staining suggests HSV
  • Chemical or flash burns
  • Penetrated cornea, Positive Seidel test (surround leak site, see image to right)
30
Q

Identify

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

31
Q

Describe : Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A
  • Rule out bleeding disorder
  • Treatment : Warm compresses, lubricants
32
Q

identify

A

Episcleritis

33
Q

How to differenciate Episcleritis and scleritis (emergency)

A
  • Phenylephrine (2.5%) eye drops leads to swift, transient resolution of episcleral redness in episcleritis
  • Non-tender on palpation in episcleritis (tender in scleritis)
  • Pink-red in episcleritis (blue-purple hue in scleritis)
  • Radial pattern of sclera maintained in episcleritis (loss of radial pattern of sclera in scleritis)
34
Q

What to rule out in Episcleritis ?

A

Rule out systemic disease (RA)

35
Q

Describe tx : Episcleritis

A
  • No treatment, self-limiting up to 3w
  • May consider symptomatic treatment with Topical lubricants, NSAIDs, steroids or Oral NSAIDs, steroids