7.3 Arteriosclerosis Flashcards
What are the 3 pattern of arteriosclerosis?
- Atherosclerosis
- Arteriolosclerosis
- Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Intimal plaque that obstructs blood flow
What is the structure of atherosclerosis?
Necrotic lipid core with a fibromuscular cap - known as an atheroma
What are the main arteries affected by atherosclerosis?
Large and medium sized arteries
- Abdominal Aorta
- Coronary
- Popliteal
- Internal Carotid
What are modifiable risks of atherosclerosis?
- Smoking
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Diabetes
- HTN
What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
- Stenosis of blood vessels (leads to angina/claudication)
- Plaque rupture with thrombosis (stroke/MI)
- Embolization of the plaque
- Aneurysm with a weakening of the vessel wall
What level of stenosis is required before symptoms occurs?
65-70%
What are the types of arteriolosclerosis?
- Hyaline
- Hyperplastic
What vessels does arteriolosclerosis affect?
Small vessels
What is arteriolosclerosis?
Narrowing of small blood vessels
What is the cause of hyaline arteriolosclerosis?
Plasma proteins leaking into the vessel wall causing a pink appearance that is due to chronic benign HTN or diabetes
What is the cause of hyper plastic arteriolosclerosis?
Thickening of the vessel wall via hyperplasia of the smooth muscle creating an onion skin appearance and is due to malignant HTN
What is a key consequence of hyaline arteriosclerosis?
Glomerular Scarring
Monckeberg’s Medial Calcific Sclerosis
Calcification within the media - does not alter the lumen diameter so it is not clinically significant
