17.3 Meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers between the skull and the brain?

A
  • Dura
  • Arachnoid
  • Pia
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2
Q

What are the leptomeninges?

A

Arachnoid and Pia - both of which are very light and thin

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3
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the leptomeninges (arachnoid and pia)

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4
Q

Common Causes of Meningitis in Neonates

A
  • Group B Strep
  • E. coli
  • Listeria monocytogenes
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5
Q

Common Causes of Meningitis in Children and Teenagers

A
  • N. meningitidis (enters via the nasopharynx)
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6
Q

Common Causes of Meningitis in Adults and the Elderly

A
  • Strep pneumo
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7
Q

Common Causes of Meningitis in Unvaccinated Infants

A
  • H. flu
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8
Q

Common Causes of Meningitis in the Immunocompromised

A
  • Fungi
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9
Q

What is the most common viral cause of meningitis?

A

Coxsackievirus

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10
Q

What is the classic triad of symptoms for meningitis?

A
  • Headache
  • Neck stiffness
  • Fever
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11
Q

What is the level lumbar punctures are taken at?

A

Between L4 and L5

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12
Q

What level does the spinal cord end at?

A

L2

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13
Q

What is NOT pierced when a lumbar puncture is take?

A

Pia mater. It is NOT pierced.

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14
Q

What will be seen on lumbar puncture in bacterial meningitis?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Low glucose
  • Positive Gram stain and culture
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15
Q

What will be seen on lumbar puncture in viral meningitis?

A
  • Lymphocytes

- Normal CSF and glucose

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16
Q

What will be seen on lumbar puncture in fungal meningitis?

A
  • Lymphocytes

- Low glucose

17
Q

What kind of meningitis will most often lead to complications?

A

Bacterial - formation of pus in the CSF will have complications from hydrocephalus to hearing loss, seizures and death.