13.4 Endometrium and Myometrium Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone controls endometrial growth?

A

Estrogen

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2
Q

Asherman Syndrome

A

Secondary amenorrhea due to loss of basalis layer of endometrium

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3
Q

Where are the stem cells of the endometrium?

A

Basalis Layer

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4
Q

What is a cause of Asherman syndrome?

A

Overaggressive dilation and currettage

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5
Q

Anovulatory Cycle

A

Lack of ovulation due to a lack of the progesterone driven secretory phase

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6
Q

When are anovulatory cycles often seen?

A

Menarche and Menopause

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7
Q

How does acute endometritis present?

A

Fever with abnormal uterine bleeding and pelvic pain

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8
Q

What is a common cause of acute endometritis?

A

Often due to retained products of conception

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9
Q

What is characteristic of chronic endometritis?

A

Plasma Cells

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10
Q

What are some common causes of chronic endometritis?

A
  • Retained products of conception
  • PID
  • Infection
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11
Q

Endometrial Polyp

A

Hyperplastic protrusion of endometrium

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12
Q

What is a drug that can cause endometrial polyps?

A

Tamoxifen

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13
Q

What is the presentation of endometrial polyps?

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding

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14
Q

Endometriosis

A

Endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine endometrial lining

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15
Q

Regurgitation Theory of Endometriosis

A

Retrograde menses products go back up the tubes leading to endometriosis

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16
Q

Metaplastic Theory of Endometriosis

A

Mullerian duct has metaplasia

17
Q

Lymphatic Theory of Endometriosis

A

Lymphatic seeding of endometriosis - can be found in strange sites like the lung

18
Q

Adenomyosis

A

Endometriosis of the myometrium - glands of the endometrium are found within the myometrium

19
Q

What does endometriosis increase the risk for?

A

Ovarian Carcinoma

20
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

A

Due to unopposed estrogen leading to hyperplasia of the endometrial glands relative to the stroma - often seen with obesity

21
Q

What is the most important predictor for the progression of endometrial hyperplasia to cancer?

A

Cellular Atypia

22
Q

Endometrial Carcinoma

A

Malignant proliferation of endometrial glands

23
Q

What is the hyperplasia pathway to endometrial carcinoma?

A

Excess high estrogen leads to hyperplasia of the endometrium which can eventually lead to carcinoma - endometrioid histology

24
Q

What is the sporadic pathway to endometrial carcinoma?

A

Carcinoma develops from an atrophic endometrium - serous histology with papillary structures

25
Q

What is the typical age where serous endometrial carcinoma occurs?

A

~70 yrs

26
Q

What is the typical age where endometrioid carcinoma occurs?

A

~50-60 yrs

27
Q

What mutations are commonly seen in the sporadic pathway of endometrial carcinoma?

A

p53 mutations

28
Q

Which pathway of endometrial carcinoma will have psamomma bodies?

A

Sporadic Pathway

29
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign proliferation of smooth muscle arising from myometrium that is related to estrogen exposure

30
Q

What are the differences in leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma?

A
  • Leiomyomas are multiple
  • Leiomyomes are white and whorled
  • Leiomyosarcomas are see in postmenopausal women
31
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

A

Arises denote and are malignant proliferation of smooth muscles arising from the myometrium