13.6 Ovarian Tumors Flashcards
What are the 3 types of ovarian tumors?
- Germ Cell Tumors
- Sex-Cord Stroma Tumors
- Surface Epithelial Tumors
What is the most common type of ovarian tumor?
Surface Epithelial Tumor
What are the most common types of surface epithelial tumor?
- Serous
- Mutinous
Cystadenoma
Benign simple cyst tumors most common in premenopausal women - can be mucinous or serous
Cystadenocarcinoma
Malignant tumor composed of cysts with thick and shaggy lining most common in postmenopausal women - can be mucinous or serous
Borderline Tumors
Have features in between benign and malignant tumors but still carry metastatic potential
What are BRCA1 mutation carrier at increased risk for?
- Serous carcinoma of the ovary and fallopian tube
- Breast carcinoma
Endometrioid Surface Epithelial Tumor
Usually malignant and can be related to endometriosis as well as endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium
Brenner Surface Epithelial Tumor
Usually contains urothelium
What is the prognosis of surface epithelial tumors?
Poor due to late presentation
What tumor marker can be used for surface epithelial tumors?
CA-125
What is the second most common ovarian tumor?
Germ Cell Tumors
What is the typical age of patients with germ cell tumors?
Women of reproductive age
Cystic Teratoma
Cystic tumor of fetal tissue derived from two or three embryologic layers
Embryonal Carcinoma
Composed of large primitive cells and is aggressive with early metastasis
Endodermal Sinus (Yolk Sac) Tumor
Most common GCT in children with Schiller-Duval bodies seen on histology
Dysgerminoma
Most common malignant GCT that is composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei
Choriocarcinoma
Composed of cytotrophoblasts and syncitiotrophoblasts seen as a small and hemorrhagic tumor with early hematogenous spread
What is the most common GCT in females?
Cystic Teratoma
Are cystic teratomas benign or malignant?
Benign in most cases but immature tissue indicates malignant potential
What can be found in a cystic teratoma that indicates malignancy?
Immature Tissue - often neuroectoderm
What is somatic malignancy of a teratoma?
A malignancy that arises from the cells of a teratoma - most common in SCC
Struma Ovarii
Cystic teratoma of mostly thyroid tissue
What is the male counterpart of dysgerminoma?
Seminoma
What is the prognosis of dysgerminoma?
Good - high response to radiotherapy
What is a tumor marker for dysgerminoma?
LDH
What is a tumor marker for endodermal sinus tumor?
Alpha-fetoprotein
What do Schiller-Duval bodies resemble?
Found with endodermal sinus tumors and they resemble the glomerulus of the kidney
What is the tumor marker for choriocarcinoma?
beta-hCG
Why does choriocarcinoma invade the blood and spread so invasively?
Trophoblasts’ inherent function is the invasion of blood vessels
What is the response of choriocarcinoma to chemotherapy?
Poor
Granulosa-Theca Cell Tumor
SCS tumor that is a neoplasm of granulosa and theca cells and produces estrogen and presents with signs of estrogen excess
What ages are affected by granulosa-theca cell tumors?
All ages
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors
Sertoli cells form tubules and the Leydig cells contain Reinke crystal and can produce androgen which would cause virilization
Fibroma
Benign SCS tumor of fibroblasts
Meigs Syndrome
Fibroma associated with pleural effusion and ascites
Kruckenberg Tumor
Metastasis of diffuse gastric carcinoma to ovaries bilaterally - mucinous
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Abundant mucin in the peritoneum - “jelly belly” often due to a primary tumor of the appendix which spreads to ovaries
What is mucinous ovarian tumor more likely to be if it is unilateral?
Surface Epithelial Tumor
