13.6 Ovarian Tumors

Question 1

What are the 3 types of ovarian tumors?

Answer 1

• Germ Cell Tumors
• Sex-Cord Stroma Tumors
• Surface Epithelial Tumors

Question 2

What is the most common type of ovarian tumor?

Answer 2

Surface Epithelial Tumor

Question 3

What are the most common types of surface epithelial tumor?

Answer 3

• Serous

- Mutinous

Question 4

Cystadenoma

Answer 4

Benign simple cyst tumors most common in premenopausal women - can be mucinous or serous

Question 5

Cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 5

Malignant tumor composed of cysts with thick and shaggy lining most common in postmenopausal women - can be mucinous or serous

Question 6

Borderline Tumors

Answer 6

Have features in between benign and malignant tumors but still carry metastatic potential

Question 7

What are BRCA1 mutation carrier at increased risk for?

Answer 7

• Serous carcinoma of the ovary and fallopian tube

- Breast carcinoma

Question 8

Endometrioid Surface Epithelial Tumor

Answer 8

Usually malignant and can be related to endometriosis as well as endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium

Question 9

Brenner Surface Epithelial Tumor

Answer 9

Usually contains urothelium

Question 10

What is the prognosis of surface epithelial tumors?

Answer 10

Poor due to late presentation

Question 11

What tumor marker can be used for surface epithelial tumors?

Answer 11

CA-125

Question 12

What is the second most common ovarian tumor?

Answer 12

Germ Cell Tumors

Question 13

What is the typical age of patients with germ cell tumors?

Answer 13

Women of reproductive age

Question 14

Cystic Teratoma

Answer 14

Cystic tumor of fetal tissue derived from two or three embryologic layers

Question 15

Embryonal Carcinoma

Answer 15

Composed of large primitive cells and is aggressive with early metastasis

Question 16

Endodermal Sinus (Yolk Sac) Tumor

Answer 16

Most common GCT in children with Schiller-Duval bodies seen on histology

Question 17

Dysgerminoma

Answer 17

Most common malignant GCT that is composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei

Question 18

Choriocarcinoma

Answer 18

Composed of cytotrophoblasts and syncitiotrophoblasts seen as a small and hemorrhagic tumor with early hematogenous spread

Question 19

What is the most common GCT in females?

Answer 19

Cystic Teratoma

Question 20

Are cystic teratomas benign or malignant?

Answer 20

Benign in most cases but immature tissue indicates malignant potential

Question 21

What can be found in a cystic teratoma that indicates malignancy?

Answer 21

Immature Tissue - often neuroectoderm

Question 22

What is somatic malignancy of a teratoma?

Answer 22

A malignancy that arises from the cells of a teratoma - most common in SCC

Question 23

Struma Ovarii

Answer 23

Cystic teratoma of mostly thyroid tissue

Question 24

What is the male counterpart of dysgerminoma?

Answer 24

Seminoma

Question 25

What is the prognosis of dysgerminoma?

Answer 25

Good - high response to radiotherapy

Question 26

What is a tumor marker for dysgerminoma?

Answer 26

LDH

Question 27

What is a tumor marker for endodermal sinus tumor?

Answer 27

Alpha-fetoprotein

Question 28

What do Schiller-Duval bodies resemble?

Answer 28

Found with endodermal sinus tumors and they resemble the glomerulus of the kidney

Question 29

What is the tumor marker for choriocarcinoma?

Answer 29

beta-hCG

Question 30

Why does choriocarcinoma invade the blood and spread so invasively?

Answer 30

Trophoblasts’ inherent function is the invasion of blood vessels

Question 31

What is the response of choriocarcinoma to chemotherapy?

Answer 31

Poor

Question 32

Granulosa-Theca Cell Tumor

Answer 32

SCS tumor that is a neoplasm of granulosa and theca cells and produces estrogen and presents with signs of estrogen excess

Question 33

What ages are affected by granulosa-theca cell tumors?

Answer 33

All ages

Question 34

Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors

Answer 34

Sertoli cells form tubules and the Leydig cells contain Reinke crystal and can produce androgen which would cause virilization

Question 35

Fibroma

Answer 35

Benign SCS tumor of fibroblasts

Question 36

Meigs Syndrome

Answer 36

Fibroma associated with pleural effusion and ascites

Question 37

Kruckenberg Tumor

Answer 37

Metastasis of diffuse gastric carcinoma to ovaries bilaterally - mucinous

Question 38

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Answer 38

Abundant mucin in the peritoneum - “jelly belly” often due to a primary tumor of the appendix which spreads to ovaries

Question 39

What is mucinous ovarian tumor more likely to be if it is unilateral?

Answer 39

Surface Epithelial Tumor