14.2 Testicle Flashcards
Cryptorchidism
Failure of the testicle to descend to the scrotal sac
What is the most common male congenital reproductive abnormality?
Cryptorchidism
What can cryptorchidism increase risk of?
- Seminoma
- Testicular Atrophy with Infertility
Orchitis
Inflammation of the testicle commonly caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrheae
What is the hallmark of autoimmune orchitis?
Non-necrotizing Granulomas
Testicular Torsion
Spermatic cord twists around the blood vessels leading to hemorrhagic infarction where blood can enter via the artery but cannot leave via the vein
Who does testicular torsion typically present in and how does it present?
Adolescents - presents with sudden testicular pain with absent cremasteric reflex
Varicocele
Dilation of the spermatic vein due to impaired drainage
How does varicocele present?
Scrotal swelling with a bag of worms appearance
Which side does varicocele tend to present on?
Left
Why is there increased risk for varicoceles on the left side?
The left spermatic vein drains first to the renal vein then to the IVC whereas the right spermatic veins drains directly into the IVC
What is left sided varicocele associated with?
Left sided RCC
Hydrocele
Fluid collection within the tunica vaginalis
What is the cause of hydroceles in infants?
Incomplete closure of the processes vaginalis
What is the cause of hydroceles in adults?
Blockage of lymphatic drainage
