18.1 Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Impaired cartilage proliferation in the growth plate

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2
Q

What is the mutation associated with achondroplasia?

A

FGFR3 - autosomal dominant activating mutation

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3
Q

What are the features of achondroplasia?

A

Short extremities with normal sized head and chest - mental function, life span and fertility are unaffected

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4
Q

Endochondral Bone Formation

A

Formation of a cartilage matrix then replaced by bone - long bones

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5
Q

Intramembranous Bone Formation

A

Formation of bone without a cartilage matrix - skull and chest

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6
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

Congenital defect of bone formation that results in weak bone

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7
Q

What is the cause of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Autosomal dominant mutation in collagen I synthesis

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8
Q

Why do sclera appear blue in osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Due to exposure of the choroidal veins

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9
Q

Osteopetrosis

A

Inherited defect of bone resorption that leads to thick and heavy bone

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10
Q

What is the most common mutation in osteoporosis?

A

Carbonic anhydrase II mutation that results in lack of acidic environment needed for bone resorption - osteoclasts cannot generate acidic enviroment

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11
Q

What are the clinical features of osteopetrosis?

A
  • Fractures
  • Anemia/Leukopenia
  • Renal Tubular Acidosis
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12
Q

What is the treatment for osteopetrosis?

A

Bone Marrow Transplant

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13
Q

Rickets/Osteomalacia

A

Defective mineralization of osteoid due to low levels of Vitamin D

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14
Q

Rickets

A

Low Vitamin D in children causing pigeon breast with frontal bossing and bowing of legs

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15
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Low Vitamin D in adults that results in a weak bone with increased risk for fracture

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16
Q

What will be elevated in osteomalacia?

A
  • PTH

- Alkaline Phosphatase

17
Q

What environment is required to add Ca2+ to bone?

A

Alkaline

18
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone mass leading to porous bone mass increasing fracture risk

19
Q

What are the serum value changes in osteoporosis?

A

They are all normal

20
Q

Paget Disease of Bone

A

Imbalance of the osteoblasts and osteoclasts leading to too much resorption of the bone initially followed by osteoblast action

21
Q

Does Paget Disease of Bone involve the whole skeleton?

A

No

22
Q

What are the clinical features of Paget Disease of Bone?

A
  • Bone pain
  • Increasing hat size
  • Lion-like face
  • Elevated alkaline phosphatase
23
Q

What is the treatment for Paget Disease of Bone?

A
  • Calcitonin

- Bisphosphonates

24
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of marrow space and bone often in children - commonly bacterial

25
Q

What part of the bone is seeded with osteomyelitis in children?

A

Metaphysis

26
Q

What part of the bone is seeded with osteomyelitis in adults?

A

Epiphysis

27
Q

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?

A

S. aureus

28
Q

Avascular Aseptic Necrosis

A

Ischemic necrosis of the bone and bone marrow