19.4 Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Melanocytes

A

Make melanin within the melanosomes which is responsible for skin pigmentation

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2
Q

What cells are melanocytes derived from?

A

Neural Crest

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3
Q

Where are the melanocytes found?

A

Basal Layer of the Epidermis

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4
Q

Vitiligo

A

Autoimmune destruction of the melanocytes which leads to depigmentation of skin in localized areas

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5
Q

Albinism

A

Congenital lack of pigmentation due to an enzyme defect that impairs melanin production

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6
Q

What is the most common enzyme defect in albinism?

A

Tyrosinase

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7
Q

What are albino patients at increased risk of?

A

Skin Cancer

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8
Q

Freckle

A

Small tan-brown macule that is due to increased number of melanosomes and it darkens when exposed to sun light

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9
Q

Melasma

A

Mask-like hyper pigmentation of the cheeks that is associated with pregnancy or OCPs

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10
Q

Nevus (Mole)

A

Benign neoplasm of the melanocytes

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11
Q

What is the most common mole in children?

A

Junctional

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12
Q

What is the most common mole in adults?

A

Intradermal

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13
Q

Melanoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of melanocytes and is the most common cause of death from skin cancer

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14
Q

What are the risk factors of melanoma?

A
  • Sun exposure
  • Albinism
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum
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15
Q

Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant disorder with formation of dysplastic nevi that can progress to melanoma

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16
Q

What is the key feature that is related to metastasis?

A

Depth of invasion

17
Q

Lentigo Maligna Melanoma

A

Melanoma along the DEJ which has radial growth with good prognosis

18
Q

Superficial Spreading Melanoma

A

Remains superficial in the DEJ area and has a good prognosis

19
Q

Nodular Melanoma

A

Early vertical phase with poor prognosis

20
Q

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

A

Appears on the palms and soles often in dark skinned individuals and is NOT related to UV light exposure