Spine Flashcards
how many bones are in the vertebral column?
33 irregular bones
how many IV disks are there?
23
what is the outer region of the IV disc called?
annulus fibrosus
what is the inner region of the IV disc called?
nucleus pulposus
how does whiplash influence Cspine?
causes it to flatten out
how does pregnancy influence Lspine?
makes it more exaggerated
what type of joints are the facets of the vertebrae?
synovial diarthrodial
what is the role of trabecular bone in vertebrae?
resist compressive and shear forces (anterior side is weaker)
what is the pars articularis?
posterior portion of the lamina located b/w the superior and inferior facets
what is an intrasegmental L?
binds individual or adjacent vertebrae
what is an intersegmental L?
binds together a number of vertebrae into a unit
what do the anterior and posterior longitudinal L surround?
the body of the vertebrae
where is the ligamentum flavum?
connects the vertebrae at the posterior aspect of the foramen
what is the role of the anterior long L?
prevents hyperextension
twice as strong as the posterior
when is the posterior long L stretched?
flexion
when is ligamentum flavum stretched?
flexion
what are relatively weak ligaments that are stretched in flexion?
interspinous L
what is the ligamentum nuchae?
supraspinous ligament in the cervial region
stretched in flexion
which would be the first ligament to fail in hyperflexion?
supraspinous L
where are the intertransverse L?
in between transverse processes
stretch with lateral bending
which type of joints are the apophyseal jts?
plane
which section of spine has the greatest amt of movement?
cervical
what type of joint is the atlantoaxial jt?
pivot joint
what is lumbar extension?
anterior pelvic tilt (tummy forward)
what is lumbar flexion?
posterior pelvic tilt (abs to the spine)
what happens to the trunk flexors in pregnancy?
diastasis recti abdominis gets weak and opens up
what is the most lateral trunk extensor?
iliocostalis
what is the middle trunk extensor?
longissimus
what is the most medial trunk extensor?
spinalis
which are the deepest muscles that work on individual vertebrae?
rotatores interspinales intertransversarii semispinalis (cervical) mulifidus (cervical)
how do you get left rotation?
contract LEFT internal oblique and RIGHT external oblique (run in the same direction)
how do you get right rotation?
contract RIGHT internal oblique and LEFT external oblique
what does the quadratus lumborum do?
hip hicker
where is the center of gravity?
2nd sacral vertebrae
how much muscle contraction is required for maintaining erect posture?
very little
where does optimal LOG fall?
anterior to lateral malleolus anterior to midline of the knee (post to patella) through the greater trochanter anterior to sacroiliac joint midline of trunk (posterior to axis of rotation of cervical and lumbar spine) through the body of L5 through dens of axis through EAM posterior to coronal suture
