Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
when does a lymphocyte complete maturation?
when ti becomes exposed to an antigen
what is humoral immunity?
B cell and antibody mediated
only functions on organisms OUTSIDE the cell
what is cellular immunity?
T cells that directly kill infected cells
what is clonal selection?
when a lymphocyte divides and differentiates in response to a specific antigen
where does clonal selection occur?
in secondary lymphatic tissue
what two characteristics do antigens have?
- immunogenicity
- reactivity
what are the strongest antigens?
proteins
what is a hapten?
is an incomplete antigen
has reactivity, but not immunogenicity
what is an epitope?
specific portion of the molecule that evokes an immune response
which cells do not have MHC 1?
RBC
which T cells deal with exogenous antigens?
helper T (CD4)
which T cells deal with endogenous antigens?
cytotoxic (CD8)
how is a T cell receptor different than an antibody?
has only 2 polypeptide chains instead of 4
what is anergy?
TCR bound to an MHC presenting complex with no costimulation
list the steps of T cell activation and cloning?
- APC binds with TCR
- CD 4 protein and cytokines costimulate to activate T cell
- T cells are cloned into active cells and memory cells (mediated by interleukin 2)
what are TH2 cells?
regulatory cells that stimulate proliferation of the other T cells and B cells
which interleukin costimulates CD4 cells?
1
which interleukin costimulates CD8 cells?
2
in the humoral immune system, what is circulating?
antibodies
list the process of B cell activation
- B cell takes in antigens and presents with a MHC II complex
- T helper cells recognizes antigen and give costimulation to proliferate B cells
- T cell secretes interleukin 2 that functions and co stimulator
4 B cells get cloned
how many antigen binding sites do most antibodies have?
2
what 4 functions do antibodies serve?
- neutralization
- agglutination
- precipitation
- complement (opsonization)
which complement proteins are responsible for opsonization?
C3b
which complement proteins are responsible for MAC?
C5-C9
which complement proteins are responsible for inflammation?
C3a, C5a
what is the classic complement pathway?
antibody binding with antigen (activates C1
what is the alternative pathway?
interaction with factors B, D and P whic activates C3
what is the lectin complement pathway?
lectins binding with carbohydrates on the microbe which activates c3
