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Medicine > Blood vessel > Flashcards

Blood vessel Flashcards

1
Q

BP =

A

cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

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2
Q

what are collateral arteries?

A

blood supply that develops overtime to support others that aren’t working

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3
Q

what are functional end arteries?

A

ineffectual anastomoses

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4
Q

what is the tunica interna?

A

inner most layer of blood vessels

-simple squamous

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5
Q

what is tunica media?

A

thickest layer of blood vessels

-smooth muscle fibers

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6
Q

what is the tunic externa (adventitia)?

A

outer layer of blood vessels

-areolar CT (collagen and elastic fibers)

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7
Q

what is a vaso vasorum?

A

blood vessel that feeds a blood vessel

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8
Q

what autonomic innervation do peripheral blood vessels have?

A

ONLY sympathetic

  • controlled by increase or decrease of sympathetic input
  • relative vasodilation
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9
Q

how are veins different than arteries?

A

arteries have thicker tunica media
veins have thicker tunica externa

arteries lumen remains open
veins lumen may collapse

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10
Q

what is a sinus?

A

thin walled venous vessel without valves

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11
Q

do you have perfusion during diastole?

A

yes, when elastic arteries recoil after being filled

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12
Q

when do you use MAP?

A

iCU heart medicine

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13
Q

what is arteriosclerosis?

A

stiffening of the arteries that occurs with age

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14
Q

which type of vessel contributes most to blood pressure?

A

arterioles

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15
Q

what is the job of the arterioles?

A

regulates blood flow into the capillary beds

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16
Q

what is the relationship between flow (F) and pressure (P) and resistance (R)

A

INC F = INC P

INC F = DEC R

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17
Q

when would you have active hyperemia?

A

when increased metabolism is present

18
Q

what local factors would cause arteriolar smooth muscle relaxation?

A 
decreased oxygen
increased CO2
increased H+
increased adenosine
increased K+
increased eicosanoids
increased bradykinin
increased NO
increase osmotically active products
19
Q

what are eicosanoids?

A

prostaglandins and leukokines

20
Q

where would active hyperemia be needed most?

A

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
glands

21
Q

what is the idea of flow autoregulation?

A

homeostasis of the blood flow in the arteriole that supplies that particular organ

22
Q

what is a myogenic response?

A

when a vessel stretches it automatically contracts

23
Q

what causes a myogenic response?

A

changes in Ca movement in the smooth muscle

24
Q

what is a continuous capillary?

A

intercellular clefts
tight junctions
found in skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, skin, lungs, CNS
***most common type

25
Q

what is a fenestrated capillary?

A

contains pores along with intercellular clefts

found in kidney (glomerulus) , microvilli, choroid plexus, ciliary body of the eye and glands

26
Q

what is a sinusoid capillary?

A

large intercellular clefts and discontinuous capillaries, interrupted basement membrane
found in red bone marrow, spleen**, liver, adenohypophysis, parathyroid, adrenal

27
Q

when does a venule become a vein?

A

when it reaches diameter of 100 micrometers

28
Q

which are the peripheral veins?

A

those that are outside the chest cavity

29
Q

where is most of the blood at any given time?

A

venous system (64%)

30
Q

what four things cause venous blood to flow?

A

valves
skeletal muscle contraction
respiratory contractions
pressure gradient between venous system and RA

31
Q

what is the function of bulk flow?

A

distribution of the extracellular fluid volume

32
Q

where is most of the fluid in the body?

A

intracellular

33
Q

where is most of the extracellular fluid?

A

interstitial fluid

34
Q

what is net filtration pressure?

A

difference between capillary pressure and interstitial fluid
= 10mmHg at the artery end
=-9 mmHg at the venous edn

35
Q

what causes edema/ascites?

A

lack of albumin causes fluid to stay outside the plasma and not get sucked back in

36
Q

where are baroreceptors located?

A

aortic arch

carotid sinus

37
Q

what CN do baroreceptors use to communicate?

A

CN IX and X

38
Q

where do parasympathetic fibers go to the heart?

A

SA and AV node

39
Q

what is the response when baroreceptors are stretched?

A 
increased para sympathetic (lower heart rate)
decreased sympathetic (normalize blood vessel diameter)
40
Q

what is the response when baroreceptors decrease stretch?

A 
decrease parasympathetic
increase sympathetic (travel to SA, AV and myocardial cells, peripheral blood vessels-alpha1 receptor)

Medicine (146 decks)

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